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Vol 7, No 1 (2019)

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

1 1305
Abstract

Introduction: the Changing educational policy, reform the content of education, the priorities of the educational activities and direction of the forecasted development is closely associated with the normative description of these processes. When studying the development of project management in the education system, determining priorities and key areas of modernization of educational activities, it is necessary to take into account a holistic hierarchical and consistently interconnected system of normative support of education, covering all its levels, regulating the priorities of development and the mutual influence of various educational processes both in the system of levels of education management (from Federal to municipal levels) and in the continuity of activities of educational organizations. Materials and methods: the research Methods of this article are determined by the specifics of the research topic and represent the analysis of normative acts of different levels regulating relations in the field of education. The study uses the methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, generalization, comparison, etc.); the study of the work of other researchers on this problem. Results: all the processes of change and transformation of the educational system are reflected in the normative documents accompanying its development, moreover, studying the regulatory framework of the educational system can not only fix its state at the moment, but also to see the priorities of development, to predict its further transformation. The study of the system of normative legal support of project management in education will allow to trace the hierarchical relationships between the levels of education, to see the consistency of regulations among themselves and to determine the leading priorities of the education system in this direction. Discussion and Conclusions: the study of the system of normative legal support of project management in educational activities allowed to identify the factors affecting the development of educational systems at various levels, classify them as system-wide or private, to identify a set of General requirements for the development of the educational system.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING

2 1637
Abstract

Introduction: modern conditions for the development of society necessitate the further development of the content of vocational education. When studying the content of vocational education, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the economic and social development of the country, scientific and technological progress, the goals and objectives of vocational education, and the strategic guidelines of vocational and pedagogical education. Equally important is the process of the emergence and development of new features in the content of vocational education. Materials and methods: research methods are related to the content and qualitative features of the content of curricula and programs. The study uses the following methods of scientific research methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, synthesis, comparison, etc.); observation: direct (direct), indirect (indirect); pedagogical experiment: analysis of students' written and graphic works; interviewing, interviewing, questioning; monographic study of the work of teachers, industrial training masters, students. Results of the research: social and scientific and technical progress cause significant changes in the work activities of workers and specialists. Trends in changing the content of labor on the basis of intersectoral and sectoral integration are due to the further development of a diversified national economy, the use of similar means of labor, the similarity of machines and devices, the typification of technological processes, and the general scientific foundations for the production of the final product. The requirements for a skilled worker and specialist, the main trends in the content of his work, the historical and logical analysis of the content of vocational education make it possible to single out the following changes in the content of education: an organic combination of humanitarian polytechnic and vocational education; strengthening theoretical training in the general structure of the content of vocational education; increasing the role of engineering and technical knowledge in the professional training of workers and specialists; consistency, continuity and phasing of the content of industrial training in the field of specialization, which ensures the ratio of the main and special parts; providing comprehensive interdisciplinary relations in the construction of curricula and programs; the increasing role of polytechnic knowledge, skills on the basis of scientific and technical community in modern production; combination of professional knowledge and professional and technological skills in the form of professional competencies; the increasing role of the scientific basis of production in all cycles of academic subjects. Discussion and conclusions: a study of the content of vocational education revealed factors affecting the development of content (scientific, technical and social progress, analysis of labor activity, trends in the development of vocational education, Federal State Educational and Professional Standards), requirements for the content of theoretical and vocational education, identify the principles of industrial training.

3 1218
Abstract

Introduction: this article deals with the problem of forming the readiness of future police officers for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment in the educational process of a departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Analyzed the theoretical and methodological approaches to this problem. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of V.G. Afanasyev, I.V. Blauberg, B.F. Lomov about the systems approach and systems analysis as a direction of the methodology of scientific knowledge and social practice, which is based on consideration of the process of forming the readiness of cadets for interpersonal interaction as a system. Fundamental principles of the theory of activity (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein) and their application in the concepts of educational and professional activities in higher education. The concept of the activity-competence approach in the development and implementation of educational programs of higher education focused on modern GEF (TP Afanasyev, E.V. Karavaeva, A.Sh. Kanukoeva, etc.). The analysis of the literature on the influence of the educational environment made it possible to determine the nature of the educational environment of a departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the present stage of development of education as multinational, this is evidenced by the geography and number of students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign citizens. The departmental institution of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia takes as a basis the generally accepted individual, national, all-Russian and world psychological and pedagogical tendencies of the development of the personal functional. In this regard, in our study, we consider interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment as a multifactorial psychological and pedagogical phenomenon, which consists of various forms and methods in a particular territorial unit, taking into account the dialogue, equality and, at the same time, the diversity of interpersonal interaction. The introduction of ethnopedagogical knowledge into the content of education is for future law enforcement officers a special element of the process of preparing for interpersonal communication, which is formed on the basis of an analysis of the general and particular in the life of another nation, an objective assessment of the phenomena of social life. In the wake of V.I. Mathis, the study actualizes the need to include multicultural aspects in the content of the educational process, which will ensure the preservation of the cultural identity of the individual in a multi-ethnic society, foster a culture of interpersonal communication. The peculiarity of the research is the understanding of interpersonal communication in a multinational environment as a universal value, ensuring social cooperation and partnership of subjects of interpersonal interaction; the current content and continuous updating of the educational environment on the basis of the integrated integration of humanitarian and professional components of educational programs and the intensification of the life of the cadets; the activities of teachers aimed at supporting and maintaining the cadets in a multinational educational environment, ensuring its updating and relevance of informational and functional content, monitoring the effectiveness of the educational process. Attention is drawn to the features of the educational environment of the departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Attention is focused on the main components of readiness for interpersonal interaction in an inter-ethnic environment. The content of the components of the readiness of students for interpersonal interaction is described. Materials and methods: a descriptive model of the formation of readiness for interpersonal communication in a multinational environment is presented. The basic components of which are: the target, where the goal and the main tasks of the educational process are revealed; diagnostic result - the results of monitoring work. Discloses the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the proposed model. The leading pedagogical conditions aimed at the organization of the educational environment, including the activities of faculty members, are as follows: the inclusion of ethno-pedagogical knowledge in the content of the disciplines of basic and variable blocks of the curriculum; introduction of active and interactive forms of conducting classes, ensuring the development of cognitive interest in the study of problems of interpersonal communication in a multinational environment; the organization of research work taking into account ethnopedagogical knowledge, including the organization of work of scientific circles; implementation of situational tasks in the process of conducting all types of practices; organization of assistance in the preparation of the activities of students in the composition of the Council of students; organization of educational work. on the basis of the Center of professional and moral education of cadets of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; organization of interaction on issues of readiness for interpersonal communication directly with representatives of internal affairs bodies; providing control through pedagogical monitoring. In accordance with the selected components of student readiness for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment, diagnostic tools have been developed: («Study of the motivation of learning in high school» (T. I. Ilyina), «Тypes of ethnic identity» by G. U. Soldatovа, «Orientation of personality in communication» (S. L. Bratchenko), «Methods of determining the level of reflexivity» (by V. Ponomareva). Results: the obtained data of a comparative analysis of the results of monitoring work for the 2016/2017 academic year and the 2017/2018 academic year. y on the basis of FGKOU HE "Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation," show that the implemented model and the developed pedagogical conditions correspond to the stated goals and objectives of the study and allow you to effectively prepare students for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment. Discussion and Conclusions: the implementation of modern education strategies and the tasks of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, protecting the rule of law, and combating crime is impossible without effective interpersonal communication in a multi-ethnic environment. Ethnopedagogical knowledge solves the problem of cross-cultural communication, the formation of readiness for interpersonal communication, as well as orienting to identify common spiritual sources of various nations, but emphasizes that the multinational dialogue forms a focus on common human values and national self-consciousness in order to implement the main directions of the police, ensuring national security of the state.

4 1091
Abstract

Introduction: the existing contradiction between the reproduction of traditional methods of vocational training and the productivity of professional activity determines the relevance of the search and approbation of new forms of organization of the educational process. As such a form, an educational event can be used to effectively engage students in various types of interaction, develop professional motivation, organize independent and joint activities, obtain a meaningful product, and provide a reflexive awareness of the experience gained. The study of the possibilities of implementing an educational event in the professional preparation of future managers, taking into account the specifics of professional management, has a high theoretical and practical significance. Materials and methods: experimental work on studying the effectiveness of the implementation of an educational event was carried out in three stages. At the first, a theoretical substantiation of the possibilities of applying the event-based approach in vocational education was carried out, at the second, a methodology for designing an educational event was developed, and at the third, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of an educational event for students — future managers. In the process of research, general theoretical methods, interrogation, observation and generalization of pedagogical experience, static methods were used. Results: as a result of the work carried out, the features of the application of the event approach in vocational education were formulated, the requirements for the educational event were specified. The revealed features of this form of the educational process are reflected in the method developed by the authors for the design of an educational event, including a description of the motivational, event and reflective stages. Further, experimental work was carried out to implement the educational event within the discipline, to collect and process the results. As a result, indicators of current and final certification (by point-rating system) were evaluated, and a survey of the participants of the educational event regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this form of the educational process was conducted. Discussion and Conclusions: conclusions were drawn on the significant didactic potential of the implementation of the educational process on the discipline in the form of an educational event, provided that the methodical study of the content of the activities of the students and the high level of development of skills of independent work with them.

5 1446
Abstract

Introduction: the article is devoted to the role of the training process for employees of service enterprises. More and more organizations, institutions, firms are focused on the creation and provision of various kinds of services to the population. And since the service sector in recent years is one of the most actively developing areas of activity, there is a need to improve the training of employees working in this field. As the authors of the article show, the structure of the content of in-house training and retraining of employees reflects the principles on which the training and functions that are performed by the in-house professional training are based. Throughout the world and in Russia in particular, the subject of increased attention is the introduction of information technology. Therefore, the authors consider in-house training of employees of a service company using the designated technologies. Materials and methods: the article identifies the basis for the functioning of the in-house personnel training system in market conditions and the integrated use of optimization procedures that allowed developing the target program for improving the personnel training system described in the work, which was adopted and implemented by Registration Agency LLC. Results: the article analyzes the process of training employees of service activities at the enterprise. The article describes the plan of interaction of Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin with the organization LLC Registration Agency Discussion and Conclusions: the article discusses the organization of in-house employee training through the development and implementation of electronic educational programs aimed at improving the skills of service workers and the competitiveness of the organization. The result of implementation is to achieve benefits for both parties, that is, to increase the intensification of the organization’s activities "and improve.

6 1525
Abstract

Introduction: the paper investigates cross-linguistic influences between the two previously learnt languages and their effects on classroom L3 acquisition. The study checks the predictions of the existing theories of mechanisms of transfer into the L3 attested for naturalistic learners. The main predictions get confirmed with the population of classroom learners of English as the L3. All the participants are native speakers of Russian. They all learnt their dominant foreign language, either French or German, in the classroom. The results suggest a governing role of the Universal Grammar in classroom language learning. Materials and Methods: the experiment uses three production tasks: written production, oral production and pronunciation task. The written assignment asks the participants to translate sentences from Russian into English. The target sentence contains the existential there are that does not exist in Russian. The way the participants structure the target sentence in English allows for conclusion about possible influences of the first foreign language on the development of their L3- English. In the oral production task, the participants are prompted to produce negative sentences. The influences from previously learnt languages is traced through the placement of the negation not. In the pronunciation task Praat was used to measure the duration and the formant frequency of the nasal [N] in English. Differences in sound quality trace back to the influences from the previously learnt languages. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA for between and within group differences. Results: in the written task, the participants who studied German as their first foreign language prefer verb final placement in the subordinate, which is ungrammatical in English but grammatical in German. The L2-French group put the verb in the right place, but they do not use the existential there are, which required in English. In the oral task, the placement of negation is Russian-like in both groups. In pronunciation, the quality of English [N] is influenced by the amount of nasality the participants learnt before, i.e. French influences make the English [N] more nasalized than the [N] in the group with German as the first foreign language. Discussion and Conclusion: classroom learners of English as the L3 experience influences from all the previously learnt languages, the native language and the first foreign language. These findings pattern with the assumptions of the main generative theories of naturalistic L3 acquisition. Concluding that classroom language learning is governed by universal grammar, the teaching can benefit from predicting what cross-linguistic influences can be facilitative or not for the acquisition of the target language.

GENERAL ISSUES OF EDUCATION

7 1146
Abstract

Introduction: the current trends of development of preschool education connected with definition of compliance of real results of activity of the preschool educational organization to requirements of FGOS TO initiate development of the effective quality system of preschool education as key direction it modernization. Materials and methods: the methodology of article is based on theoretical studying of a problem of quality of preschool education. The research is conducted on the basis of the methods of the analysis and generalization which allowed to select key provisions of the studied problem and to offer the complex of administrative competences of the head of the preschool educational organization providing creation of a quality management system. Results: disclosing psychology and pedagogical characteristics of the concept "quality of preschool education" authors emphasize that this category is investigated in terms of the actual compliance of conditions, the organization, ways of estimation of properties and results of education, educational and educational process to necessary requirements of the standard. Development of model criteria for evaluation of quality of preschool education remains the debatable problem demanding the further development in the conditions of variability. The dynamism of characteristics of quality of preschool education causes construction and development of a quality management system in the conditions of the preschool educational organization. Development and deployment of a similar system places great demands on administrative competence of the head which is considered by authors as a complex of valuable and motivational, analitiko-design, organizational and performing, communication and activity, reflexive and estimated competences. Components and indicators of achievement of the offered competences are allocated. The innovative component of administrative activity and development of the individual-based program of increase in level of administrative competences are considered by significant conditions of design of development of administrative competences of the head of the preschool educational organization. Discussion and Conclusions: the considered theoretical provisions characterizing problems and the prospects of improvement of quality of preschool education supplement a technique of preschool education as initial step of a system of continuous education of the personality. The prospect of further researches assumes design of a quality management system of the preschool educational organization on the basis of the actual level of formation of administrative competences of the head and individual trajectories of their improvement.

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY, PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY, HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

8 1266
Abstract

Introduction: the role of life path research is connected with the problem of inculturation, ensuring the transfer of spiritual values and traditions from generation to generation, ensuring the development of society. In contrast to the period of youth, late adulthood is rarely the subject of scientific research on the problem of life course. But the study of the specifics of this age is important for determining the mechanisms of personality formation, analysis of the possibilities of its potential development, clarification of sources and mechanisms of self-development. The growth of scientific interest in the semantic aspects of older people's ideas is useful for the prevention of ageism. Materials and methods: the purpose of the first stage of the study is to determine the content of the life path in the representation of women in late adulthood. We used the semi-structured interview method. The data is processed using the categorization method. 15 women from 55 to 90 years took part in it. The purpose of the second stage of the study was to identify gender and age-specific perception of life in late adulthood. We used the method of "life Line"and the method of MLO. The data obtained were processed using a single-factor analysis of variance and correlation. The respondents were 70 women and 30 men aged 55 to 90 years. Results: we have established that ideas about the way of life have event and semantic content. The past is the most intense period. The time perspective of the future is narrowed at this age. The period of the present is filled with existential themes. Gender perceptions on the lives of identified age-related problems. We have revealed a tendency to increase the number of negative events with age. We found that with age, older people are more likely to focus on childhood memories and the current state. Discussion and Conclusions: in part, the results are consistent with the theoretical facts about the period of late adulthood in personality psychology. They form the basis for psychological support of elderly women, which will be based on the principles of optimization of psychological wellbeing, non-traumatic understanding of life events, strengthening intergenerational solidarity.

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

9 1504
Abstract

Introduction: the last decades are characterized by a rising tide of interest of Russian citizens for the history of their families. The main form of its existence are family stories - both about the present of the family and its subjects, and about their past. These stories become natural part of our communicative space, no matter which type of activity and what social roles we are involved in. Materials and methods: the study was conducted on the material of texts - both oral and written, - containing information about addresser’s family. The main methods included the method of communicative behavior observation, the method of studying the forms and types of representation of family stories in different types of conversation, the method of analyzing and the method of generalization. Results: the purpose of this article was to analyze various types of discourse in order to identify the presence/absence of family stories in each of them, and to determine the role of such stories in various spheres of our life. Having considered interpersonal and several types of institutional discourse (scientific, popular scientific, political, medical, pedagogical and advertising), we examined how each of them presents family stories, for what purpose subjects use this kind of stories in each of the analyzed types of discourse and which aspects of family history are most relevant in each case. As a result of the study, it was determined that family stories play a significant role in our communication in each of the analyzed types of discourse, but in each of them they are used with a specific purpose. Discussion and conclusion: if we consider everything we know about our family as a family history (that consists of many separate, private family stories), then we can conclude that it flows into all spheres of our life. Our family history is penetrated by different types of discourse in which we participate, and, being included in our communication, is preserved in it.

PEDAGOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

10 1716
Abstract

Introduction: the article deals with one of psychocorrective work direction with younger schoolchildren who have developmental delay and inclusively taught at comprehensive schools. Because of psychological and pedagogical features these children are in the majority of pupils who don’t cope with traditional school curriculum requirements. For systematic and successful education any child needs potential neurobiological readiness of brain systems and subsystems that provides the development of higher mental functions necessary for schooling. The results of neuropsychological investigations demonstrate that children with developmental delay are characterized by partiality of brain systems damage with failing of separate cortical and subcortical functions and larger integrity of higher regulatory processes. The most vulnerable subcortical brain system of physically disabled children is thalamo-hypothalamic complex. Its dysfunction appears both in neurological symptoms (neurometabolic endocrine syndrome, thermoregulatory and vegetovascular dysfunction, carbohydrate metabolism disorder) and psychological problems (developmental delay, absence of orientation to adult speaking as a behavior regulator, retardation in eye-mindedness and visual active thinking formation). It is recognized that hypothalamic structures mature rhythmically. Rhythmical stimulus, coming from environment are very important for them. Understanding the laws of brain process formation we can help develop child’s brain, using external rhythms in the psychocorrective support program for younger schoolchildren with developmental delay. The method of rhythms can be used in motor sphere correction of younger schoolchildren with developmental delay. Within the context of our investigation rhythm, using in folklore is considered as a condition of motor functions development of younger schoolchildren with developmental delay. Motor correction creates a necessary basis for normal higher mental functions operation, increases total power of verbal and nonverbal thinking processes, contributes to overcoming of behavior stereotypes, produces a base for motor providing of speech and language mechanism, form skills to control own behavior, assists in coping with muscle and body tension. In such a way motor correction creates a prerequisite for full psychical processes participating in reading, writing and mathematics acquisition. Results: the article deals with the results of investigation of motor functions of younger schoolchildren with developmental delay that inclusively taught at comprehensive schools. The supplied results are before and after psychocorrective work with the using of rhythm. The measurements for result comparison are kinesthetic and dynamic praxis investigation, reciprocal movements coordination. Diagnostic tasks combined traditional psychological techniques and neuropsychological tests. After sets of samples an own system of scoring was given. Each system took into account character, degree of severity and amount of introduced mistakes. Ball scoring was determined at the base of a scale: three balls – high level of samples making (motions are carrying out correctly, fast, clear), two balls – middle level (motions are carrying out correctly, consequentially, but reaction is delayed, specularity is existed), one ball – low level (needed hands position is choosing on the basis of samples, movements are very slow, specularity, echopraxia and perseveration are existed). As a result of investigation it was found that before psychocorrective work an average ball of all samples of motion block carrying out by schoolchildren with developmental delay was 1,41 point. While examining the position of reciprocal movements coordination (slow rate, disrupted evenness, modeling of both hands) very low characteristics (1,28 point) were found. After the corrective education an average ball of all samples of motion block carrying out by schoolchildren with developmental delay was 2,33. Discussion and Conclusions: the article deals with the structure of psychocorrective work on the development of motion sphere of younger schoolchildren with developmental delay. It includes numerous motion exercises on the development of general and articulate movements, finger exercises, exercises with eponymous and heteronymous cooperation of hands, legs, eye and tong. All the exercises contribute greatly to the reciprocal coordination formation. Every exercise is carried out under the clear rhythm of folklore texts. Folklore texts kept external rhythm to constantly repeated children motions and contributed to the general rhythm of brain structure. Poetical material with clear rhythmical structure had good influence on the children’s feeling. It generated poignant interest and positive emotions, didn’t stress during plural repetition, formed motivation for lessons, decreased emotional tension, contributed to the general activity. Rhythm and switching permitted children to learn how to simultaneously listen, remember and perform motions. These skills were successfully used by children during educational activity, when it was necessary to perform some actions simultaneously, for example, to write, to reflect rules, to remember sentences and etc. So rhythm of motions contributes to the development of subcortical structures of children’s brain, help adapt younger schoolchildren to the learning environment according to the curriculum.

11 832
Abstract

Introduction: in article the problem of psychology of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations, identifications of the factors contributing to the development of resilience of the personality is discussed. Today in psychological literature there is still a lack of researches of resilience of the personality, the factors, such as the external and internal ones, the factors influencing the development of person’s resilience are insufficiently studied. An important point in understanding of formation of mechanisms of resilience of the personality is studying of a role of the educational environment as a factor of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. In this regard it becomes necessary to generalize the saved-up material in works of the Russian and foreign researchers on a problem of influence of the educational environment as a factor of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. The results of foreign researchers on the problem of studying of influence of specially organized safe educational environment on the resilience of the personality to difficult life situations are presented in the article. Materials and methods: the article is an analytical review where the attempt of systematization of scientific psychological knowledge of a problem of psychology of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is made. The main method of studying of resilience of the personality to negative life situations in the conditions of the educational environment is the method of the theoretical analysis of scientific psychological foreign and domestic sources. Subjective approach is the methodological basis for studying of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. Results of a research: consideration of theoretical provisions of resilience of the personality and empirical researches of foreign authors of influence of the educational environment on the resilience of the personality to difficult life situations in the context of researches of psychology of safety, subject approach, the intra-resources and Inter resources helping to cope with a difficult situation. The authors offer a definition of resilience of the personality in the course of exiting from difficult life situations. The scientific proof of the importance of formation of safe, subjective and positive educational environment when developing resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is consistently provided. Discussion and conclusions: the conclusion about undoubted relevance of the questions connected with a research of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations and existence of foreign psychological researches on this issue is proved. Taking into consideration the results of scarce psychological research carried out by domestic and foreign authors the need for further studying of psychological structure of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations and also factors and conditions of its formation is proved. At the same time the significance and the importance of formation of safe, subject and positive educational environment in development of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is emphasized.

12 1117
Abstract

Introduction: chemical dependence on several narcotic or other psychoactive substances at the same time is called poly-drug addiction or complicated drug addiction, the terms "combined addiction" and "combined use" are also often used. It is believed that the simultaneous or alternating regular intake of various psychoactive substances has a more destructive effect on the body than depending on only one drug. In the narcological literature the various forms of combined use of alcohol and heroin were described. There are some data on the psychological characteristics of patients with such forms of addiction, the specifics of these patients in terms of personal readiness for rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to identify the features of interpersonal relations and individual-personal specificity in the field of such relations in patients with heroin-alcohol polydrug addiction. Materials and methods: the Study has been conducted on a sample of 25 patients aged 28 to 50 years using four psychodiagnostic techniques. Tests were used: "Individual typological questionnaire of L.N. Sobchik " (ITO), "Questionnaire of interpersonal relations of A. Rukavishnikov" (OMO), "Diagnosis of interpersonal relations of T. Leary" (DMO), "Diagnosis of interference in the establishment of emotional contacts of V. Boyko". Results: it has been found that heroin and alcohol addicts in the communicative sphere are aggressive, deceitful, tend to dominate, although they retain the need to be accepted by others. Discussion and Conclusions: the obtained data confirm the literature data about more aggressiveness of polynarcomania in the comparison with mononarcomania. The tendency to aggression in interpersonal relations can be attributed to destructive, pathological and socially dangerous features of heroin and alcohol poly-drug addiction. Drug addicts of the studied form are dangerous for others and create communication problems for people forced to communicate with them. A generalizing conclusion is made that heroin-alcohol poly-drug addiction is a source of social destructiveness, and patients with this type of chemical addiction are carriers of this destructiveness.

13 917
Abstract

Introduction: growing up of a child is a process of constantly changing the structure of his subjective and objective characteristics, including the formation in ontogenesis of the image of adulthood, its development and implementation, as well as the reflection of the development of adulthood by children in the psychological and pedagogical space by participants of the educational process (parents, educators). In the framework of one of the particular hypotheses, we define the psychological and pedagogical space for the development of a rural schoolchild by the dynamics of maturation of the components of self-awareness: self-understanding, self-actualization and selfattitude. The data of an empirical study of the dynamic aspects of the maturing of schoolchildren in the space of the village, who are going through the inter-age transition, are presented. The goal is determined by the need to study the specific characteristics of growing up of rural adolescents living in the Velizhsky and Smolensk districts of the Smolensk region, who are studying in rural schools for a total of 120 people, 68 of which are boys and 52 are girls. Materials and methods: to study the structural and content characteristics of the dynamics of growing up, determined by the development of the components of self-awareness: selfunderstanding, self-actualization and self-relation, we used the following psychological tools: 1) the method of assessing the level of self-actualization of the person (SAMOAL) Kalina (1987); 2) the method of the study of self-attitude (IIA) Pantileev and V.V. Stolin (1989); 3) the method of free self-description of M. Kuhn and T. McPartland (1992). Results: the results of the study showed that adolescents in the studied sample are characterized by high self-understanding scales (χ = 7.82), which is evidence that adolescents are sensitive, sensitive to their own needs and desires, are free from psychological defenses that separate their personality from its own essence, and also not inclined to the substitution of their own tastes and evaluations by external social standards adopted in society. The data of the correlation analysis in the studied sample of adolescents self-understanding positively correlates with p <0.01 with autonomy (r = 0.47), spontaneity (r = 0.31), autosympathy (r = 0.49) and contact (r = 0, 18). High values were determined on the scales of reflected self-relation (χ = 6.05), self-value (χ = 6.89) and selfattachment (χ = 5.92). These data reflect adolescents’ perceptions that their personality, character, and activities are capable of giving others respect, sympathy, approval, and understanding; and also point to some rigidity of their «self-concept», conservative self-sufficiency, denial of the possibility and desirability of developing their self hood against the background of the characteristics of growing up. Discussion and conclusions: the content of adolescents’ self-understanding presents the realities and aspects of their own inner life that are relevant for the development of their personality. High school students seek to understand not only their personal qualities and character traits, interests and abilities, attitudes towards themselves and with other people, but also their feelings and motives, values and beliefs, life plans and goals. The process of growing up of adolescents involves the development of the main components of their self-awareness, and in this process adults can be of great help to the teenager. The data obtained are taken into account in the psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents in the socio-cultural space of the village; a program of socio-psychological training sessions has been developed, aimed at developing their self-understanding, self-actualization and self-relationship, which will ensure the development of their adult self-consciousness. There is a tendency to further research on the influence of sociocultural factors on the implementation of a particular strategy of growing up and the attitude of growing children to it at a distance of adolescence.



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