The author analyzes the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 .. № 131-FZ "On general principles of local self-government in the Russian Federation" on the definition of municipal service. Municipal service - professional activity of citizens, which is ongoing in positions of municipal service, shall be replaced by the employment contract. Municipal employee is a citizen, performing in the manner specified by municipal regulations and laws of the Russian Federation, the duties of the post of municipal service for salaries paid from the local budget. As the author examines the theoretical foundations of the main approaches to the definition of the norm of the legislator - the definition of municipal services to the different legal acts in comparison with the currently effective Federal Law of October 6, 2003 The opinion of the author on this issue.

The excerpt below is the final chapter of M. Jay’s “Downcast Eyes: The Denigration of Vision in Twentieth-Century French Thought” concerning the long-term confrontment “iconoclasm vs visual imaginary” within modern European culture. According to the author the current discussion on postmodernism proves to be somewhat a small branch of this complex intellectual swim. This branch, so to say, seems to sway periodically from overwhelming voyeurism to the uncompromising iconoclasm. This is the context Jay brings in considering conceptions of E. Levinas and J.-F. Lyotard, two famous French thinkers who expressed those cardinal philosophical points. However, the author focuses not only on the distinction, but also on certain coherence, as well as the evolution of their views.

The article is devoted to the study of the language picture of the world A. P. Chekhov, his idiolect using field methods. Author lexico-semantic field “Day” is more detailed than in the national language, composition, specific semantic structure constituentof field, the structure of the field in General, affected transformative worldview of the writer. Semanteme day has a complex semantic structure, including the author's individual value: 1. Of the day, from sunrise to sunset, from morning till evening. 2. The reign of the sun, spreading its fire, life-giving, destroying all living things. Constituency LSP “Day“ associated with the major categories of the attitude of the writer: joy of life (short-term human presence on the earth), and death.

This article is part of a research project that explores educational environment of pedagogical universities in the preservation and formation of students - future teachers of the basic components of psychological health. The article discusses the concept of " psychological health" in the modern psychological literature, and presents the results of studying the perception of the phenomenon of "psychological health" of students 1-6 courses, students in different specialties in a pedagogical University. In particular, the study addressed the following aspects: the characteristics of perception and the content of trainees of the term " psychological health"; features submission of the studied phenomenon in the context of the allocation of its major components; understanding of the possibilities of pedagogical University in creating the conditions conducive to the preservation and enhancement of the mental health of students. The article presents the author's research aimed at the study of the phenomenon being studied, as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis obtained in the process of learning the parameters studied results.

The article clarifies and shown in a formalized manner the conditions of admissibility of innovative- investment projects from the point of view of profitability based on the patterns of funding and publicity of the enterprise. Presents approaches to the definition of the required profitability of projects in various stages of development. The described features of the calculation of the cost of debt capital projects proposed formula, allowing it to determine in the case when the interest for the use of funds can be attributed to expenses only partially. Presents approaches to determining the value of the financial resources generated through the issue of ordinary and preference shares of the company. The method of determining correction values yield alternatives, if considered innovative-investment project is characterized by risk level. The method is based on quantitative assessment of credit institutions the level of financial risk associated with the company in various investment decisions.

The article investigates the problem of fixing the priestly institution indigenous religions cheremis and votyaks domestic researchers XVIII - early XX centuries. Considered attempts to systematize and classify, construct hierarchies clergy studied ethnic groups by the scientific community. Based on a comparative analysis concludes functional similarity clergy, openness, availability of certain analogies in the systems considered religious institution. The author traces the presence of dissonance research in building systems priests associated with the lack of a unified approach to the study generated problems. Puts forward the assumption that the distribution of responsibilities between the ministers of religion, taking into account the location of the participants in supplications, is a certain image, a universal model, a figure resembling a branching "world tree".

The article examines the key ethical issues that must be addressed in any study involving children and adolescents who are victims of violence and abuse. Psychological research and intervention is a social interaction and focus on achieving positive social goals, organization and holding of which requires compliance with professional ethical standards. Moral and ethical principles of specialists working with children and adolescents are part of the totality of universal norms, they include the most General rules of examination, preventive unnecessary or incompetent use of methods and techniques of diagnosis and intervention. Regardless of the condition of the subject, the researcher must always be sensitive to him, compassionate and interested in his fate. The article also highlights the issue of mandatory procedure for the announcement and signing of all research participants and/or intervention Informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity.

The article deals with two documents of canon law from the beginning of XVIth century: annotated synopsis of the Statutes of London St. Paul Cathedral (1506) and the addition to the Statutes regarding canons regular (1518) composed by John Colet, the Dean. On the basis of comparative analysis of these texts and after comparing the texts with the Statutes of other English church hierarchs the authors concluded that the Catholic Church in England tried to implement clerical reforms for the spiritual and moral renewal of the clergy long before the Reformation.

In the article are considered projects of creation and operation of the religious institutions: centre, monastery, school, in the framework of the contemporary pagan tradition. On the basis of analysis of this narrative source, sources of Internet and materials of interview with one of the leaders contemporary Russian paganism, author revealed backbone elements of «pagan church» of the head of community «Kalyada Vyatichians» N.N. Speranskogo ( Velimira). The most important components, necessary for life of this religious projection, should be considered: unification of existing Russian pagan ritual practice,construction of the complex of sacral objects (magic complex, priestly hut, «skit»), training pagan-elite, absolutisation of class attendants of a cult through sacralization, leading role of new priestly - volkhv element in the political and educational sphere of the life of society.

In this article the modern state of folklore of the area of Nizhny Novgorod is investigated. On the basic of the actual materials we can comу to the conclusion that today folklore literary works take place on the territory of the area of Nizhny Novgorod in all its genres and varieties. All of them are going on to influence on the development of the artistic and patriotic education of modern generation. The article is sanctified to functioning of different genres of verbal folk work on territory of the area of N.Novgorod the last years. The special attention is spared to folklore, as part of cultural process. Actuality of the article is related to the problem of forming through folklore of national and civil identity. A scientific novelty is conditioned by the analysis of independently written in folklore texts on territory of the area of N.Novgorod. Theoretical meaningfulness of the article is conditioned by that is entered in a scientific turn new materials; basic arguments allowing to establish the fact of many folklore genres are expounded. The applied meaningfulness is constrained with the use of the got results in the institution of higher learning teaching.

This article discusses the methodological and theoretical problems of vocational teacher education. These include: ensuring the processes of socialization and professionalization of the teacher of vocational training; actualization culturogical direction of professional teacher education; implementation of the system and predictive approaches to the educational process; spiritual development of the individual; as well as the problem of studying vocational educational processes on the basis of social, educational, integrative and comprehensive approaches. These include: the creation of new types of educational institutions; training in integrated groups of occupations; inclusion of retraining and advanced training of specialists, providing employment and employment in the vocational and teacher education; provision of training through research and scientific and industrial activities; functioning integrative educational system and modular control systems vocational teacher education.

The article is devoted to the problem of psychological literacy of students as an important condition for achieving personal, subject-specific and transdisciplinary learning outcomes. The results of empirical studies showed the productive impact of psychological knowledge on the formation of arbitrariness cognitive sphere of the students. Analyzed the main psycho-didactic conditions of formation of psychological literacy of students in today's schools.

In article considers need and possibilities of application for educational process of innovative technologies on an example a case method. Authors analysed essence a case method, its innovative component, the introduction reasons a case method in student teaching. Difficulties with which teachers meet with introduction in a case method in practice of work of the organizations of an average and higher education are separately noted. Application reference points a case method as tools of information technologies are defined. Recommendations about introduction a case technology in system of professional education are made. Teoretiko-methodical basics of development and realization of technology of the dialogue commented scientific situations (DUS) in the organization of both out-of-class, and classroom forms of independent educational activity of students for legal disciplines in the organizations of secondary professional education are covered.

The authors refer to the consideration of the development of modern methods of cognitive activity of students in higher education. Provides a definition of cognitive activity. Stages of cognitive learning activities of students. According to the authors, it is expedient to use certain techniques of cognitive activity, as well as defined the modern methods of cognitive activity.

In article application of a phenomenon of macrodesign in professional pedagogics is proved. The essence of macrodesign of perspective model of the integrated clinical practice of students in conceptual and outline types is opened. The concept (avant-project) it is presented at the scientific and methodological and didactic levels. The outline sketch creates idea of organizational and technological aspects of the integrated clinical practice of students.

This article examines the type of the dominant elements in relation to the nature of pupils, as it is the formation of a person's world, his system of attitudes, beliefs, values, activities, driven primarily by a system of relations, particularly environmental. This principle is of particular relevance in our days, when sharply aggravated the gap between man and nature, when the true harmony in their relationship is becoming less. Based on the results of the study concluded that school education is not practically forms a co-evolutionary relationship to nature, which is necessary for the sustainable development of society. Therefore, from our point of view, the urgent task is the organization of the learning process in higher education institution for the purpose of formation of ecological thinking and environmental culture and ethics in the relationship with the environment.

The article discusses the problem of formation of professionals in the field of art and culture, educational opportunities disclosed information technology. As an analytical sample of the material used job-producers for students to analyze practical classes on "Marketing, public relations and advertising in producing activities"

The article deals with the scientific and theoretical aspects and leading trends in the development of stability of personality on two interrelated levels of manifestation: personal (individual) and professional development are considered integrative qualities that make up the essential features of the stability of personality. The publication states that the stability of the personal (individual) human development - a harmonious unity of its constancy and variability. Stability of personality is seen as a unique and inimitable combination of qualities, properties, states and characteristics of the person, allowing him to be in a state of equilibrium in a variety of conditions of life. Backbone characteristic in the personality structure is determined by aspirations for the future. Isolated components of sustainable personal and professional development of students: moral-evaluative, informative and meaningful, structural and procedural (activity) and personal. It is shown that the basic factor of sustainable professional activity is the organization of a single personal-professional space. Highlighted the principles of its organization.

The article considers the problem of formation of empathy and decentration as a universal educational actions in primary school on the psychology lessons in elementary school. It is shown that the formation of psychological literacy is a condition for the formation of empathy and decentration as personal competencies of primary school children.

This article discusses the design of scientific and methodological support of training of students on the basis of a modular approach in terms of social interaction. Given the understanding module, a modular approach and its advantages from the point of view of implementation of practice-oriented education. Scientific and methodological support of training of students in terms of social partnership is systematic and considered part of a system of continuous formation of professional competence of students. The experience in the development of innovative modular program student learning "Head of IT projects." This program is aimed at the formation of professional competences of students needed for future managers for management of the IT project. As a result of scientific and methodical work with the social partners were the main group of professional competences of the head of IT projects: competence in the field of project management; competence in the field of corporate business information systems; competence in the management processes of the subject area; competence in the field of personnel management of the project.

In the article the authors make the historical reconstruction of the first period the beginning and development of the class educator’s institution in comprehensive schools in Russia. Based on the analysis of normative documents, historical researches and archival sources of Nizhegorodskiy and Ryazanskiy state archives the authors draw conclusions about causes of the beginning of this institution and about gradual decrease of its supervisory functions and strengthening of educational functions. On the example of particular facts the authors of the article describe the first experience of organization of the purposeful educational work in grammar schools in Russia. Describes a variety of educational activities: educational lectures, students broaden their horizons in different directions, sightseeing, sports activities, sports events, etc. Based on the analysis of different sources in the article identifies a number of factors that stimulate the process of formation and development of in-Institute usher in the public schools of Russia in the the turn of the XIX and XX centuries.

The author addresses the question of providing assistance and support to students in high school in professional self-determination. Sufficiently deployed interpreted the concept of "professional self-determination," discusses various approaches to understanding the essence of professional self-given characteristic of the process of professional self. Decision investigated the author sees in the implementation of the teacher tutor in the educational process of high school students. The author considers the work of the teacher tutor, describes the nature, objectives, functions, structure and content of the tutor activity in conditions of professional self-determination of students.

This article examines the presence of students ' interest to study the subject. The successful formation of the professional bachelor's competence depends largely on the availability and development of interest in his future profession. Interest is the leading factor for the regulation of the activity of the individual, his or her behavior and activities. Revealed contradictions led to the selection of this study. Three types of interest were selected as the criteria of studies: the interest, aimed at the subject of study, the interest, aimed at the teacher, and the interest, aimed at another person. The value of the work done was determined and the results of the study were presented, the task of the teacher to develop interest in the subject for further development of the needs of professional mastering the subject was emphasized.

The article discusses the theoretical basis of the environmental design development as project assimilation of cultural and environmental realities of a large city urban environment, which is characterized by acute manifestation of all environmental problems. The relevance of environmental approach is reasoned, methodological context of which reflects the main position - "human-inclusion" - an inseparable integrity of the person and the environment. The potential of environmental design is revealed as a way of implementing an environmental approach to the design of the urban environment in order to harmonize relations in the urban system "man - nature" and include the responsibility of a man into them. In the context of complementary strategies for the development of the city environment the leading philosophical ideas, principles and functions of ecological design, implementing a co-evolutionary path of sustainable development, approaches of postnonclassical science and postmodernism through the expansion of knowledge by rational and irrational methods, nonlinear processes of thinking, discourse, artistic creativity are justified.

The article considers the problems of the influence of socio-related diseases on the demographic situation of Nizhny Novgorod Region . The study on the Nizhny Novgorod region analyzed the most «acute» diseases such as alcoholism and drug addiction , which is a cause of social and economic instability in society. The study revealed that these diseases are the leading causes of deterioration of public health. The article says that the disease serve as indicators of disadvantage and social development lead to a reduction of its economic potential , pose a real threat to national security . The main solution to the problem the authors see in addressing the sources of morbidity, radical improvement of the social and economic relations. Spotted geography morbidity addiction , alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis by region Nizhny Novgorod region. The study revealed that these diseases are the leading causes of deterioration of public health. And they have analysed the causes and dynamics of socio -dependent diseases and their territory differentiation . The article provides a brief overview of regional target programs operating in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

In the article content and extent of the scientific concept “mentalitet (mental’nost’)” (“mentality”) and peculiarities of language explication of this term in modern philosophic and scientific discourse according to the data to the data of the concept explanations in encyclopedic sources and its definitions in research works in sphere of humanities are considered. The syntagmatic and paradigmatic conditions of semantic transformations of the word mentalitet and mental’nost’ ( mentality ) towards conceptual metaphor models are analyzed. It is proved, that, in spite of some attempts to differentiate content and extension of these semantically closed concepts fixed in the row of research works, the terms mentalitet and mental’nost’ are conceptually, semantically and functionally undistributed term-usages. As the results of analysis 11 cognitive signs in extra-linguistic content of the concept which form a body of the concept “mentalitet (mental’nost’)” (“mentality”) are revealed.

The article is aimed at revealing the problems of use of the mechanism of social partnership in the modern socio - economic conditions within the modern system of education. The article presents an overview of the main directions of innovative activities of educational organizations, including the mechanism of social partnership, as defined in the leading normative documents in the sphere of education. Defined the essence of the concept of social partnership. Principles of social partnership. Presents an overview of the use cases of social partnership in education. Based on the analysis of normative documents, the conclusion about the possibility of using the mechanism of social partnership in educational organizations as the most effective for achieving the goals of their innovative development. The actual mechanism for the implementation of social partnership in the framework of a model of interaction between University - pedagogical College".

Scientific-practical international conference «Russian-foreign literary relations», held 2-4 October 2014 at the Department of Russian and Foreign Philology Faculty of Humanities Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, was devoted to a deep understanding of Russian literature on a wide background of the world literary process. The conference discussed a wide range of issues related to the topic of axiology Slavic literatures (toposes Slavic literatures, as the exponent of the genre specificity of formation of the national literary process, typology of characters, the problem of translation in Slavic Studies), the national image of the world (especially the creation, consolidation and dissemination of the national image of the world cultural, literary and linguistic consciousness of a country, the embodiment of ideas about a foreign country (town), the peculiarities of the national character), Russian-foreign literary contacts XIX-XXI centuries. (dialogue of literatures; peculiarities of cultural ties between the two countries; cinema and theater reception classics, translation as the reception of a different nationality literature).

Article is devoted to the story of the scientific and pedagogical activities of the candidate of geographical sciences, professor Ivan Konstantinovich Orfanova. Coming from a family priest who dedicated his life to geographical science, past the Great Patriotic War, injured, and disability, Ivan Konstantinovich kept devotion chosen cause. Author of numerous scientific articles and books, an active promoter of geographical knowledge, skilled organizer and supervisor, the head of the Department of Economic Geography, he rallied around him creative, self-motivated associates and promoted the development of Russia's social and economic geography.

The article is devoted to one of the most difficult periods in the activities of the Department of pedagogy of the Gorky pedagogical Institute - the period of the great Patriotic war. The article discusses the situation in the higher education system, the main activities and the difficulties encountered teachers in this period, and those results that they have achieved.