Introduction. The authors point to the relevance of the problem of the legal competence development of a teacher in the sphere of preschool legal education. The requirements determined by the Federal State Educational Standards of Preschool Education in the field of legal education and social training of the child indicate the need for its development.

Materials and Methods. The authors used methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature according to the research problem, experimental research of the development level of a preschool teacher's legal competence. The purpose of the article is to develop a model for the development of legal competence of a preschool teacher.

Results. The authors understand legal competence of a preschool teacher as a complex of components (value-motivational, content-legal, functional-activity, reflexive-evaluative), the formation of which ensures a more effective organization of work on legal education of pupils. The authors distinguish three levels of its formation (high, medium, low) and characterize them. There are results of studying the level of formation of the legal competence of a preschool teacher.

The authors have developed a model for the development of legal competence of a preschool teacher, focused on the modern values of the preschool education system, the continuity of the teacher's personal and professional development, the formation of his legal attitudes, methods of professional and legal activity. There are the pedagogical conditions for its realization. There are examples of recommended forms and methods of developing the legal competence of a preschool teacher in a preschool educational organization.

Discussion and Conclusions. The authors emphasize the need to develop the legal competence of a preschool teacher as a component of their professional competence. Its high level of formation is the basis for the formation of the legal competence of pupils. As a prospect for further research, the authors designate the approbation of the model for the development of legal competence of a preschool teacher and the verification of the pedagogical conditions for its implementation in the conditions of a preschool educational organization.

Introduction. The article discusses the positive aspects of the introduction of digital simulators of pedagogical activity into the process of professional training of teachers. The subject of the research is the most significant technical factors affecting the design of a digital simulator for professional training of mathematics teachers. Methodological approaches to simulating the process of learning to find solutions to problems are considered.

Materials and Methods. In the article there was conducted theoretical analysis of the complex domestic and foreign scientific sources (articles and publications on the research topic, the results of dissertational researches in pedagogics and psychology), which generalize and systematize international and Russian experience in relation to teacher training, and in terms of the characteristics of different virtual simulators. There were applied a method of theoretical generalization, content analysis, technical algorithm for using computer programs in the designing of a simulator.

Results. As a result of the authors’ analysis and interpretation of available sources, the data of international and Russian studies are summarized and systematized. Various platforms and technical characteristics that allow implementing simulators are analyzed. The technical data obtained during the analysis allowed us to identify and justify the process of creating the simulator platform. The visual concept of a simulator, which provides for the use of vector and raster graphics packages, is presented.

Discussion and Conclusions. The article presents the stages of development and implementation of simulators in the professional training of teachers. The new digital educational environment with the use of computer modeling capabilities will allow future teachers to master professional competencies by training virtual students.

Introduction. The article contains: analysis of scientific works in the field of higher education pedagogy on the formation of universal competencies; an experimental study to assess the formation of universal competencies in future bachelors. The modern professional pedagogical community constantly demonstrates that the presence of universal competencies is decisive for graduates of higher education. At the moment, there is no clear idea of the formation and assessment of universal competencies, in particular for bachelors of physical education.

Materials and Methods. We have developed materials for evaluation the future bachelors of universal competencies and conducted an experimental study. For each of the universal competencies, the average value of the assessment, the standard deviation, the confidence interval for the average assessment are determined, the results of the correlation analysis are presented.

Results. The data we obtained showed, that the average values of assessments by future bachelors of the direction of training "Physical culture" of universal competencies (the ability to: maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full social and professional activity; search, critical analysis and synthesis of information, apply a systematic approach to solve the tasks; build an individual trajectory of self-development; perceive the intercultural diversity of society; formulate a range of tasks, achieve goals, choosing the best solutions; the ability to conduct business communication in a foreign language) are within 2.97 points - 3.86 points on a 5-point scale.

Discussion and Conclusions. Our study shows that the level of formation of the universal competencies of students of the program 49.03.01 “Physical Education” is insufficient. The formation of universal competencies is possible not only in the educational process, but also in scientific research, industrial practices, as part of extracurricular activities. The formation of universal competencies for future bachelors in the educational process of higher education will help to increase the level of knowledge, skills and experience of creative activity in the professional field: search and critical analysis of information; the ability to set goals and determine the range of tasks; communicate effectively in the teamwork, not only with Russian, but also with foreign colleagues; managing time and shaping individual development path; maintain the necessary level of physical activity to achieve professional and social goals. The results of the assessment of the formation of universal competencies of future bachelors are considered by us as an opportunity to improve the modern basic educational program.

Introduction. One of the urgent problems of modern education is building a professional competence model of a specialist in order to increase the effectiveness of training and the formation of professional competencies necessary for a successful entry into the profession. From this point of view, the description of a professional portrait of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language will contribute to the most effective design of educational programs in this area of training.

Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, theoretical and empirical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, juxtaposition, scientific theorization.

Results.In the preparation of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language, two models were initially laid down: when the teacher is a native speaker and when he himself learns Russian as a foreign language and subsequently broadcasts the acquired knowledge to foreign students. The main difference between these portraits of teachers is the presence of a foreign language communicative competence in the training of foreign language teachers, as well as the formation and improvement of a foreign language reading competence. At the same time, the common, uniting both models, are the psychological, pedagogical, methodological, intercultural and acmeological competences, which constitute the portrait of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language. The designated competencies made it possible to formulate professional competencies in educational programs in the direction of training «Pedagogical education» at the bachelor's and master's degrees at the Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin (44.03.01 «Russian as a foreign language» and 44.04.01 «Teaching Russian as a foreign language») and the corresponding sets of regulatory documents. 

Discussion and Conclusions. Teacher of Russian as a foreign language being a translator of Russian culture, it should be a competent, erudite, tolerant, ready for intercultural communication, striving for constant professional improvement, having both general pedagogical and specialized competencies.

Introduction. The organization of the educational process involves the implementation of ongoing assessment, which provides support for students’ educational activities and the impact on the educational process to improve its effectiveness. One of the elements of the teacher's assessment activity is an assessment judgment, which is formulated by the teacher in the current process of monitoring, diagnosing, analyzing and interpreting the results of students' learning activities and is aimed at informing students about the degree of the planned result achievement, students’ motivation, approval, remark, etc. The study of the teacher's assessment judgments in the context of formative assessment correlates with the problem of reliability, which ensures the consistency, objectivity, fairness and stability of the results of assessment activities.

Materials and Methods. The material for the research includes 20 articles published from 2017 to 2020 and devoted to the problems of teachers’ assessment judgments during the process of formative assessment. They were collected by using keywords in the full-text databases of published scientific research which were ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library. The selected articles were analyzed and summarized from the point of view of considering the factors that influence the teacher's assessment judgments and create conditions for reducing reliability.

Results. As a result of the analysis of publications, we identified the following groups of factors that affect the reliability of the teacher's assessment judgments: factors caused by the components of the assessment situation, which include factors related to the subject and object of the assessment, assessment target, scope of the assessment, the basis of the assessment, as well as the use of the assessment tool; factors related to the assessment judgment; external factors.

Discussion and Conclusions. The study of the factors influencing the reliability of the teacher's assessment judgments determines the possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of the assessment activities in the process of formative assessment. Understanding the role of each factor creates conditions for preparing recommendations for the teacher to improve the reliability of the current assessment. In addition, on the basis of the classification under consideration, it is possible to conduct empirical studies to clarify the specifics of activating certain factors depending on the goals, conditions and individual characteristics of all participants of the educational process in order to increase the effectiveness of monitoring the achievements of planned educational results and support the educational process.

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is due to the requirements of the new Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) in the direction of training bachelor's degree 09.03.03 «Applied Informatics», which assumes that university graduates have universal, general professional and professional competencies. Among the general professional competencies there is ICT-competence, which consists in the competent use of modern information technologies.

The object of the research is interactive technologies used in the conditions of distance education.

The subject of the research is the degree of student satisfaction with the methods of interactive learning in the context of distance education, organized in connection with the prevention of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Scientific novelty – innovations in the education sector, innovative approaches to support the continuity of education and learning during the coronavirus pandemic are identified and systematized.

Materials and Methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature, pedagogical experiment, survey of subjects of the educational process, methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis.

Results. In the course of a survey to establish the level of student satisfaction with distance learning using interactive technologies during the coronavirus pandemic, the following results were obtained: about 77-85% of students believe that electronic courses in LMS are enough to organize distance learning, accordingly, there is no need to introduce additional forms of distance learning; 75% of the surveyed students believe that it is not necessary to tie webinars and online lectures to the curriculum.

Discussions and Conclusions. For the organization of distance learning, each teacher individually chooses educational services and platforms, giving preference to those that are more accessible in terms of cost of use, have advanced functionality and a convenient interface. It can be noted that during the implementation of educational activities in a distance format in the direction of training «Applied Informatics» during the coronavirus pandemic, in addition to Moodle, Webex, Zoom, Skype were actively used.

Introduction. The problem of leadership in scientific research is given a lot of attention. However, this problem remains relevant for a large number of scientific areas. The formation of leadership qualities of a person is interested in the pedagogical composition of power higher educational institutions.

Materials and methods. The main methods of research were: analysis of literature on the problem of research, systematization of the data obtained, conducting an empirical study of the influence of various factors on the formation and development of leadership qualities of future officers of the Russian Guard.

Results. The article presents the experience of studying the leadership qualities of university cadets of the National Guard troops receiving the specialty of a military psychologist. There is a positive dynamics of leadership qualities throughout the entire period of study at a military university, as one of the most important conditions for readiness for professional activity, and a conclusion was made about the stability of the main management style in the fifth year.

Discussion and Conclusions. During the study, it was established that in order to develop the leadership qualities of the future officer of the National Guard troops, it is now necessary to solve the following tasks in the educational process of a military university: development of awareness of his/her purpose as an officer, perseverance in realization of assigned tasks, steady desire to be a leader, self-confidence, readiness to make decisions and take responsibility, consistency, perseverance in realization and fulfillment of assigned tasks, awareness of own strength, faith in achievement of the goal. Keywords: leadership, professionalization, professionally important personal qualities, need for self-development, management style.

Introduction. The article analyzes the problem of socio-cultural threats to the digital transformation of society. The digital transformation of society leads to the presence of large socio-cultural threats associated with the instability of the value system and Russian society as a whole, and as a result, with the distortion of socio-cultural identity. The study and comparison of socio-cultural threats will allow us to answer the question: where is the modern socio-cultural environment ofRussia in General and individual regions (socio-territorial communities) in particular in terms of the importance of the threats produced? The problem of studying young people's perceptions of sociocultural threats is becoming relevant and timely.

Materials and Methods. To study the perception of socio-cultural threats to the digital transformation of society by young people, a 13-point questionnaire was developed. The study involved 583 people, residents of the cities of Ivanovo, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl (23% – men, 77% – women; average age 20,5 years). The responses received were interpreted and processed using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis.

Results. There are two types of threats to the security of digital transformation of society: social (growth of cybercrime, reduction of interpersonal communication, growth of aggression and antisocial behavior, information stress) and cultural (decrease in the cultural level of society, weakening of the unity of the people, growth of interethnic conflicts, erosion of traditional values). Regions are dominated by various socio-cultural threats, but usually include both social and cultural threats.

Discussion and Conclusions. The problem of digital transformation of society can be determined by the lack of a sense of security in the main spheres of life of socio-territorial communities-interpersonal, everyday, ethnic, religious, political, economic, information, etc. Insecurity in these areas determines the actualization of relevant threats and risks. Prevention of sociocultural threats will be facilitated by an objective assessment of their reality by young people through the formation of socio-cultural identity, development of critical thinking and social interaction skills.

Introduction. The article is devoted to one of the topical problems of pedagogical psychology to study the health of students at the initial stage of education at the pedagogical university. The original methodological principle of scientific reflection is the principle of the wholeness of B. Spinoza in accordance with which physicality and psyche appear as a vital unity of the whole person.

Within this integrity, an attempt has been made to analyse holistic health on the physical, mental and personal levels as a fragment of the successive states of the successive states of the person's continuous movement from situational adaptation to external conditions, to supraitual psychological adaptation, to the psychological adaptation of the individual to external conditions, contributing to personal growth, to psychological adaptation to the conditions created by the individual to satisfy its need for self-actualization of genetically embedded and acquired potentials.

Materials and Methods. The following methods were used for the preparation of this article; theoretical analysis of Russian and international literature, study of scientific articles and publications on the topic, overview of results from Russian and international studies; psychological experiment.

Results. The results of the study are the basis for the development of adaptive-developing models of the educational and professional activities of first-year students including spatial, substantive, sanitary and socio-psychological conditions, which act as resources of professional and personal development and recovery of students.

Discussion and Conclusions. The article pays special attention to the description of the health of freshmen, which are manifested: at the physical level in the presence of students diseases of cardiovascular, visual, digestive, excretion, endocrine systems of the body, disharmonization of physical development and low integral indicators of physical health; at the mental and psychological levels, in the presence of young men and women nonpathological and pathological neuro-mental de-adaptation to educational and professional activities, in the predominance of moderate and high situational and personal anxiety, in the susceptibility of depression and anxiety, relatively low health indicators at the behavioral level with relatively high rates of value-motivational level and health awareness and health and health.

Introduction. Bullying witnesses are the most prevalent and yet the least researched group of adolescents involved in bullying. The objective of the current article is to summarise the results of the studies of psychological and personal characteristics of adolescent bullying witnesses. 

Materials and Methods. Summarising results of the theretical and experimental studies dedicated to psychological and personal characteristics of adolescent bullying witnesses.

Results. Bullying witnesses are the most prevalent group, which makes bullying possible. There are four groups among witnesses: defenders of the victim, assistants of the bully, sympathizers of the victim and bystanders. These groups have specific social status, traumatic experience, emotional reactions, attitudes, perceptions, friendships and motivations. Defenders of the victims have high social status, psychological wellbeing and personal resources. Adolescents from other groups are more troubled or have traumatic experience, have less wellbeing and personal resources. These findings must be taken into account when developing preventon programs.

Discussion and Conclusions. Nonconstructive behavior of the witnesses, as a key element of the bullying, must be understood for each bullying case. Prevention program must be aimed at changing nonproductive role positions of the witnesses into the active position of the victim defender. Increasing the number of active defending stops the bullying and prevents the bully from future attacks.

Introduction. In this article issues, are considered, that are connected with the change of smenovekhovtsy in scientific and political publications of Russian authors in the historical retrospective. The article snows that the initial assessments were greatly defendant on the political environment at the beginning of the XX century when of the articles criticism the entire intellectual class but this tendency gradually evolved in to a more detailed and conscious analysis of the smenovekhovtsy ideas through the lens of the Russian post-revolutionary thought.

Materials and Methods. The material of the research is the publications of various authors devoted to the problems of changeover as a philosophical and political trend. To solve the set tasks, the methods of philosophical analysis, interpretation, comparison, generalization are used.

Results. The result of the conducted research is the systematization of the history of consideration of the phenomenon of changeover from political criticism to understanding the originality of the originality of the thought of the creators of this movement, including the personality characteristics of N.V. Ustryalov, a description and assessment of his political, scientific, managerial and other activities directly related to the process of the origin and development of the project of change. In general, it can be stated that the philosophical studies of the works and biography of N.V. Ustryalova are devoted to a limited range of topics: an assessment of his activities as a political figure of the white movement, an analysis of his ties with the Bolsheviks, a study of the reasons that served as the basis for the formation of the idea of national bolshevism and a conceptual comparison of this trend with Smenovekhovtsy. Currently, this thematic circle has expanded due to the study of the philosophical and political views of N.V. Ustryalov from the point of view of the influence of Smenovekhovtsy on other trends of Russian social thought in emigration, the originality and patriotism of his works.

Discussion and Conclusion. Within the framework of this article, a scientific discussion of well-known experts on the history of changeover is presented and makes it possible to characterize the main ideas of the representatives of this trend. One of the most important issues discussed in the works devoted to the changeover and directly by N.V. Ustryalov, is the question of the originality of smenovekhovtsy as a political and philosophical direction of Russian thought. An important role in the study of N.V. Ustryalov plays the fact of the influence of his ideas on other currents of emigration, Soviet and philosophical thought, understanding of the origins and foundations that served to create smenovekhovtsy and National Bolshevism. Therefore, it can be argued that a deep meaningful analysis of domestic ideas is needed, a study of the history of interpenetration and the influence of the teachings of the smenovekhovtsy on post-revolutionary socio-political and philosophical thought, both inRussia and abroad.

Thus, the author was able to form a full-fledged political and philosophical analysis of journalism devoted to the changeover and demonstrate the importance of the ideas of its creators in the history of Russian philosophy.

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of a limited personal world. Its topicality is justified by a specific spiritual and historical situation in the modern world when a man and the humanity can no longer accept or follow the old-time values, which have now been undermined. Moreover, there is a necessity to have the landmarks that would aid one in orienting one’s inner world, since it is becoming ever more obvious that the reliable support is found only in the single available authentic being – the within. By reflecting on various metaphors of human psychological rigidity, the author is discussing the potentialities and traits of the inner existence free from limitations and constraints. The aim of the research is to analyze and try to discover the limitations and obstacles preventing one from implementing their individual existential projects, as well as elucidating the basic psychological mechanisms, encumbering deeper awareness of one’s own existential core.

Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of the interdisciplinary literature has been undertaken. Philosophical, sociological, psychological, psychopathological as well as fiction literature has been analyzed. Out of empirical methods, observation was used to observe the phenomena of the inner life of the psychological patients with the follow-up induction and synthesis of the facts obtained. Interdisciplinary approach was used, as well as the principle of theory-practice interconnection, situation specific approach, existentialism as a methodological concept, synergetic approach.

Results. Conceptions related to overcoming inner closedness and conformity are developed from existential perspective. Wholeness is understood as integrity of cognitive, emotional and volitional aspects of human psyche. Man is understood as a being that gains its wholeness and overcomes limitation on its way beyond any imposed boundaries, be it outer or inner. In this sense, existential philosophy of the German thinker and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers with his metaphor of the shell reveals itself as anthropology of vulnerability. Overcoming constrains on its way to integrity and wholeness man inevitably faces vulnerability. In this encounter he comes to a new quality of self-awareness. From this perspective man is understood as becoming, a becoming being.

Discussions and Conclusions. This understanding of wholeness and integrity, and man as a vulnerable and becoming being draws our attention to the problem of the loss of the sense of being in the modern world. The sense of being is a transcendental to a subject sense of being encompassing the subject himself. These conclusions are aimed at solving the existential sort of issues within psychological consultancy sessions. That is aimed at rediscovering the ability to experience being without adapting to other’s evaluations; rediscovering the original sense of existence through the growth in awareness of oneself, other people and the world.