EXPERIENCE IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING FOR THE EXPERTS WORKING WITH CHILDREN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AND MAILTRITMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM «TRAUMA-FOCUSED COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR CHILDREN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE»)

This article discusses the author's variant of system of evaluating the effectiveness of training program "Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for children victims of violence", addressed to professionals (psychologists, educational psychologists) who work with children-victims of violence and abuse. Effective training under this program will significantly improve the quality of specialists services for the rehabilitation of child victims of violence and abuse and their social environment. As part of the evaluation system the following structural elements: a direct measurement of learning outcomes against objective criteria, analysis sheets evaluation skills of the trainees, assessment of changes in the professional activities of the trainees, assessment of nontarget effects of training by observing the dynamics of the training group, the analysis of self-reports of participants on learning outcomes. Use this five-step evaluation system allowed us to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducted on the basis of Minin University (Nizhny Novgorod) in the framework of the project "Integrated interdisciplinary program of assistance to survivors of violence and abuse" (2015-2016) training, and hence, used of the training program. The obtained results allow to conclude about the feasibility of postgraduate training program "Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for children victims of violence" of psychologists, teachers-psychologists and psychotherapists who are already working with child victims of violence and abuse. In addition, one of the promising options, according to the authors, is the inclusion of this program as mandatory in the standard of preparation of bachelors and masters in all specialties related to the protection of the rights of childhood. In conclusion, the article raises the question about the possibility of using this evaluation system to analyze the effectiveness of other training programs designed for professionals working on violence and abuse.

child abuse and violence, the training program, post-traumatic stress disorder, traumafocused cognitive-behavioral therapy, assessment of efficiency of the training

1. Andryushchenko A.V. Posttravmaticheskoe stressovoe rasstroystvo pri situatsiyakh utra-ty ob"ekta ekstraordinarnoy znachimosti [Post-traumatic stress disorder in situations of loss of the object of extraordinary significance]. Psikhiatriya i psikhofarmakoterapiya, 2000, no. 4, pp. 104- 109 (in Russian).

2. Volkova E.N. Nasilie i zhestokoe obrashchenie s det'mi: osnovnye napravleniya nauch-nykh issledovaniy [Violence and maltreatment of children: the main directions of scientific research]. Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta, 2013, no. 1, p. 2 (in Russian).

3. Volkova E.N., Isaeva O.M., Varakina E.V., Fadeeva M.V. Pomoshch' detyam, postradav-shim ot nasiliya i zhestokogo obrashcheniya [Assistance to children victims of violence and abuse]. N.Novgorod: ZAO «Nizhegorodskaya radiolabora-toriya», 2016, 280 p. (In Russian)

4. Volkova E.N., Fadeeva M.V. Programma raboty mezhdistsiplinarnoy komandy spetsi-alistov gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdeniy sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniya sem'i i detey v sluchae psikhologicheskogo nasiliya [The program is of an interdisciplinary team of specialists of the state social service institutions for families and children in the case of psychological violence] N.Novgorod: ZAO «Nizhegorodskaya radiolaboratoriya», 2015, 89 p. (In Russian)

5. Garanyan N.G. Kognitivno-bikhevioral'naya psikhoterapiya posttravmaticheskogo stres-sovogo rasstroystva [Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy post-traumatic stress disorder]. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya, 2013, no. 3, pp. 46-72 (in Russian).

6. Grigor'ev D. Biznes-trening: kak eto delaetsya [Business training: how to do it]. Moscow, «Mann, Ivanov i Ferber» Publ., 2014, 278 p. (In Russian)

7. Zinov'eva N.O., Mikhaylova N.F. Psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya nasiliya. Rebenok v krizisnoy situatsii [Psychology and psychotherapy of violence. A child in a crisis situation]. St.Petersburg, Rech' Publ., 2003, 248 p. (In Russian)

8. Isaeva O.M., Priporova E.A. Upravlenie personalom: ucheb.posobie [Personnel management]. N.Novgorod: NIU RANKhiGS, 2014, 246 p. (In Russian)

9. Kopytin A.I. Art-terapiya zhertv nasiliya: uchebnoe posobie [Art therapy for victims of violence]. Moscow, Psikhoterapiya, 2009, 144 p. (In Russian)

10. Likhi R., Sempl R. Posttravmaticheskoe stressovoe rasstroystva: kognitivno-bikhevioral'nyy podkhod [Post-traumatic stress disorder: cognitive-behavioural approach]. Moskovskiy psikhoterapevticheskiy zhurnal, 2001, no. 1, p. 141-156 (in Russian).

11. Malkina-Pykh I.G. Viktimologiya. Psikhologiya povedeniya zhertvy [Victimology. The psychology of the victim's conduct]. Moscow, Eksmo, 2010, 862 p. (In Russian)

12. Nasilie i zhestokoe obrashchenie s det'mi: istochniki, prichiny, posledstviya, resheniya: Kollektivnaya monografiya [Violence and cruel treatment with children: sources, causes, effects, solutions]. Pod red. E.N. Volkovoy. St.Petersburg, OOO «Knizhnyy dom» Publ., 2011, 384 p. (In Russian)

13. Polivanova K.N. Sovremennoe roditel'stvo kak predmet issledovaniya [Modern parenthood as an object of study]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie (elektronnyy zhurnal), 2015, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1-11 (in Russian).

14. Problemy nasiliya nad det'mi i puti ikh preodoleniya [The problems of child abuse and ways to overcome them]. Pod red. E.N. Volkovoy. St.Petersburg, Piter, 2008, 240 p. (In Russian)

15. Pyatnitskaya E.V. Psikhologiya travmaticheskogo stressa: ucheb. posobie [Psychology traumatic stress]. Balashov: Nikolaev, 2007, 140 p. (In Russian)

16. Rukovodstvo po preduprezhdeniyu nasiliya nad det'mi: uch. izdanie dlya psikhologov, detskikh psikhiatrov, psikhoterapevtov, studentov pedagogicheskikh vuzov [Guidance on the prevention of child abuse: academic edition for psychologists, child psychiatrists, psychotherapists, students of pedagogical universities]. Pod red. N.K. Asanovoy. Moscow, Izdatel'skiy gumanitarnyy tsentr VLADOS, 1997, 512 p. (In Russian)

17. Skitnevskaya L.V. Eticheskie normy provedeniya psikhologicheskogo issledovaniya i vmeshatel'stva pri rabote s det'mi i podrostkami, postradavshimi ot nasiliya i zhestokogo obrashcheniya [Ethical standards the conduct of psychological research and intervention in work with children and adolescents, victims of violence and abuse]. Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta, 2015, no. 1. Available at: http://vestnik.mininuniver.ru/reader/search/eticheskie-normyprovedeniya-psikhologicheskogo-is/ (accessed 06.03.2016) (in Russian).

18. Tarabrina N.V. Praktikum po psikhologii posttravmaticheskogo stressa [Workshop on the psychology of post-traumatic stress]. St.Petersburg, Piter, 2001, 272 p. (In Russian)

19. Umanskiy S.V. Tyazhelaya utrata i gore. Psikhologicheskie i klinicheskie aspekty [Bereavement and grief. Psychological and clinical aspects]. Available at: http://psyfactor.org/lib/psychotherapy5.htm (accessed 06.03.2016) (in Russian).

20. Khazhuev I.S. Psikhokorrektsionnaya rabota s litsami, perezhivshimi travmaticheskiy stress na osnove modeli kognitivno-povedencheskoy psikhoterapii s uchetom etnokul'tural'-nykh osobennostey: monografiya [Psycho-correctional work with survivors of traumatic stress based on models of cognitive behavioural therapy based ethnocultural characteristics]. Makhachkala: ALEF (IP Ovchinnikov), 2014, 136 p. (In Russian)

21. A.Coher Judith Trauma-focused CBT for children and adolescents / Treatment Applications edited by Judith A.Coher, Anthony P.Mannarino, Esther Deblinger. The Guilford Press New York, London, 2012, 308 p.

22. A. Cohen J., Berliner L., Mannarino А. Trauma focused CBT for children with co-occurring trauma and behavior problems // Child Abuse & Neglect, 2010, vol. 34, pp. 215–224.

23. Bisson J. Post-traumatic stress disorder // Occupational medicine, 2007, no. 6, p. 399. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.505.1820&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed 06.03.2016).

24. Finkelhor D, Turner Н., Hamby S., Ormrod R. Polyvictimization: Children’s Exposure to Multiple Types of Violence, Crime, and Abuse // National survey of children’s exposure to violence. October 2011. Available at: http://www.juvenilecouncil.gov/materials/2012_09/Polyvictimization_childrens%20exposure%20N CJRS.pdf (accessed 06.03.2016).

25. Ishikawa R. Cognitive Behavioural Approaches for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders. Ann Depress Anxiety // Ann Depress Anxiety, 2015, no. 2(3). Available at: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/?url=http%3A%2F%2Faustinpublishinggroup.com%2Fdepressionanxiety%2Ffulltext%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3Ddepression-v2- id1048.pdf&name=download.php%3Ffile%3Ddepression-v2- id1048.pdf&lang=en&c=56dbe3b55e08 (accessed 06.03.2016).

26. Getz L. Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy – Hope for Abused Children // Social Work Today, 2012, no. 3, р. 22. Available at: http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/051412p22.shtml (дата обращения: 26.02.2016) (accessed 06.03.2016).

27. How to Implement Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). The National Child Traumatic Stress Network. 68 p. Available at: http://www.nctsnet.org/nctsn_assets/pdfs/TFCBT_Implementation_Manual.pdf (accessed 06.03.2016).

28. Kitchener N., Phillips B., Roberts N., Bisson J. Increasing focused cognitive behavioural therapy for post traumatic stress disorder through a pilot feasibility study of a group clinical supervision model // Behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy, 2007, no. 2, pp. 251-254.

29. Polak А., Witteveen А., Visser R., Vulink В., Figee М., Denys D., Olff М. Comparison of the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and paroxetine treatment in PTSD patients: Design of a randomized controlled trial // BMC Psychiatry, 2012. Available at: http://paperity.org/p/57157607/comparison-of-the-effectiveness-of-trauma-focused-cognitivebehavioral-therapy-and (accessed 06.03.2016).

30. Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence /World Health Organization and International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. 2006, p. 90. Available at: http:// www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention (accessed 06.03.2016).

31. http://www.ISPCAN.org

32. http://www.NCTSNet.org

33. http://www.gks.ru

34. http://www.ustyantsev.ru

35. http://www.ustinow.ru

36. https:// www.tfcbt.org