Influence of translated works of the XVIII century on family education in Russia

Introduction. The XVIII century is an important stage in the history of the development of Russian pedagogy, when a new type of pedagogical thinking was created under the influence of the ideas of enlightenment and humanism that came to Russia from Europe. An important role in this process was played by translated Western European works, which were actively studied by representatives of the nobility. It was these writings that significantly influenced the formation of new ideas about the process of raising children in families of the noble estate.

Materials and Methods. When writing the work, the following methods were used: the method of logical analysis of general scientific literature and primary sources, system-structural analysis, methods of generalization and systematization, the method of comparative historical analysis, the method of interpretation and semantic reconstruction of historical and pedagogical sources.

Results. The paper analyzed 19 translated Western European works created in the XVIII century, addressed both to the issues of raising children in the family, and to young readers and their mentors to improve the process of social and home education. In the works of the authors, educational ideas were expressed that corresponded to the ideas of the need for humanistic enlightened mentoring in relation to children in the family.

Discussion and Conclusions. Translated Western European pedagogical works of the XVIII century proclaimed the following principles of family education: they affirmed the need to organize child-parent interaction on the basis of humanism and faith in the success of the educational influence of parents on the child's personality; they understood education as a sure means not only to create a perfect child's personality, but also to achieve perfection and happiness on earth on this basis by mankind; they pointed out the need for a harmonious combination of different types of education; justified the idea of the need to create the same conditions for the upbringing of girls and boys in the family, respect for the personality of a growing person.

1. Abbot Bellegarde perfect education of children, containing rules on the decent behavior of young noble families and noble dignity of people, with attached moralizing arguments / transl. S. Volchkov. Ed. 3rd. St. Petersburg, Imp. Acad. Nauk Publ., 1775. 308 p. (In Russ.)

2. Adelia and Theodore, or Letters on upbringing containing rules concerning the upbringing of sovereign persons, noble people and commoners / works by Mr. Zhanly; translation from French. Moscow, tip. M. Ponomareva Publ., 1794. 518 p. (In Russ.)

3. Belyaev V.I. The meaning and purpose of historical and pedagogical knowledge and education. Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo gumanitarno-tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2019, no. 1, pp. 5-10. (In Russ.)

4. Berken A. Young Grandisson, serving for children's reading; in letters. Moscow, Univ. tip., u V. Okorokova Publ., 1792. 231 p. (In Russ.)

5. Gagaev A.A., Gagaev P.A Russian philosophical and pedagogical teachings of the XVIII-XX centuries: cultural and historical aspect. Moscow, Russkoe slovo Publ., 2002. 462 p. (In Russ.)

6. Gasanova K.A. Problems of pedagogy of family education: the genesis of formation in the history of pedagogy. Izvestiya Baltijskoj gosudarstvennoj akademii rybopromyslovogo flota: psihologo-pedagogicheskie nauki, 2018, no. 4, pp. 290-294. (In Russ.)

7. Gregori D. Testament of a father to his daughters / translated by Margarita Struyskaya. In the city of St. Petra, tip. Sytina Publ., 1791. 96 p. (In Russ.)

8. Noble school, or moralizing conversations between the gentleman B. and the count, his nephew / Zh.A. Maubert de Gouvet was translated by Evsigney Kharlamov. St. Petersburg, tip. Suhoput. kadet. Korpusa Publ., 1764. 338 p. (In Russ.)

9. Demkov M.I. History of Russian Pedagogy. St. Petersburg, Tipografiya M.M. Stasyulevicha Publ., 1897. Part 2. 685 p. (In Russ.)

10. Children's book, or General opinions and explanation of things that children should be taught. Moscow, Pech. pri Imp. Mosk. un-te Publ., 1770. 210 p. (In Russ.)

11. Children's adviser, Teaching youth the rules, how to act prudently in the world. Translated by Yakov Belyavsky. In the city of St. Petra, Pech. u Vil'kovskago Publ., 1789. 33 p. (In Russ.)

12. The Virtuous Soul, or Moral Rules for the Benefit and Teaching of Youth from Ancient and Modern Wise Men, Selected in Russian the language of the translated sub-command. Alexey Artemiev. St. Petersburg, Izhdiv. H. F. Kleena Publ., 1777. 60 p. (In Russ.)

13. Good thoughts, or the last instructions of a father to his son, filled with various reasoning / transl. Alexandra Gubina. Moscow, Univ. tip., u V. Okorokova Publ., 1789. 115 p. (In Russ.)

14. The Book of Wisdom and Virtue, or The State of Human Life: Indian Moral Teachings / translated by Vasily Podshivalov. Moscow, Tip. M. Ponomareva Publ., 1794. 145 p. (In Russ.)

15. Krejdok D. Letters from a certain spiritual person and his daughter, written from the village to his son, who is in London / translated by Efim Runich. Moscow, Univ. tip., u Novikova Publ., 1784. 192 p. (In Russ.)

16. Kudryavceva E.B. Children's literature as a means of inculturation: On the example of Russian books of the 18th century: dissertation of the candidate of cultural studies. Moscow, 2005. 163 p. (In Russ.)

17. Lamber A.T. Letters from Madame de Lambert to her son about righteous honor, and to her daughter about the virtues decent for the female sex. St. Petersburg, tip. Akad. Nauk Publ., 1761. 158 p. (In Russ.)

18. Lodoik or Moral instructions for the benefit and amusement of youth / translated by N. Annensky. St. Petersburg, tip. Gos. med. kollegii Publ., 1799. 188 p. (In Russ.)

19. Lotman YU.M. Conversations about Russian culture. Life and traditions of the Russian nobility (XVIII - early XIX century). St. Petersburg, Iskusstvo Publ., 1994. 758 p. (In Russ.)

20. Mileshina N.A. Russian nobility of the 17th – early 20th centuries in the context of the transformation of intra-family relations. Vestnik CHelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010, no. 30(211), History, issue. 42, pp. 5-11. (In Russ.)

21. Thoughts of a ten-year-old writer / from French. translated by Vasil Lisanevich. St. Petersburg, tip. Akad. Nauk Publ., 1776. 38 p. (In Russ.)

22. Moral conversation for the benefit of noble youth / translated by Alexander Shumlyanskoy. Moscow, tip. Ponomareva Publ., 1773. 24 p. (In Russ.)

23. Plutarch of Heronea On child-rearing, or the upbringing of children, an instruction / translated by Stepan Pisarev. St. Petersburg, tip. Akad. Nauk Publ., 1771. 260 p.

24. Examples of wisdom and virtue / published by I.F. Federsen. Moscow, tip. Komp. tipogr. Publ., 1787. 223 p. (In Russ.)

25. The Head of the Heart, or Moral Instructions Offered by Questions and Answers / translated at the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Moscow, Univ. tip., u Hr. Ridigera i Hr. Klaudiya Publ., 1794. 100 p. (In Russ.)

26. The advice of a nobleman to his daughter / composed by Mr. Marquis Halifax; translated by Peter Bazhenov. Moscow, Univ. tip. Publ., 1790. 168 p. (In Russ.)

27. Donnert E. Katharina II. Die Prose. Kaiserin des Russischen Reiches. Regensburg, 1998. 167 s.

28. Heddlund М. Barnets uppfostran och utbildning i en storfamilj. Jämten. Jämtens läns museum, 2001, s. 26-35.

29. Hoffmann P. Zur Differenzierung der russischen Aufkärung in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Die russische Literatur der Aufklärung. 1650-1825. Halle, 1885. S. 54-63.

30. Korn D. Folkultur.Tradition och gammaldags liv i socknаrna Råda, Landevetter, Härryda, Björketorp och Bollebygd. Göte-borg, Tryck, Graphic Systems AB, 1981.

31. Marker G. Publishing, Printing, and the Origins of Intellectual Life in Russia. 1700-1800. Princeton. N.Y., 1985. 301 p.

32. Rothe H. Religion und Kultur in den Regionen des russischen Reiches im 18. Jahrhundert, Erster Versuch einer Grundlegung. Opladen, 1984. 131 s.