DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF GROWING UP OF RURAL ADOLESCENTS

Introduction: growing up of a child is a process of constantly changing the structure of his subjective and objective characteristics, including the formation in ontogenesis of the image of adulthood, its development and implementation, as well as the reflection of the development of adulthood by children in the psychological and pedagogical space by participants of the educational process (parents, educators). In the framework of one of the particular hypotheses, we define the psychological and pedagogical space for the development of a rural schoolchild by the dynamics of maturation of the components of self-awareness: self-understanding, self-actualization and selfattitude. The data of an empirical study of the dynamic aspects of the maturing of schoolchildren in the space of the village, who are going through the inter-age transition, are presented. The goal is determined by the need to study the specific characteristics of growing up of rural adolescents living in the Velizhsky and Smolensk districts of the Smolensk region, who are studying in rural schools for a total of 120 people, 68 of which are boys and 52 are girls. Materials and methods: to study the structural and content characteristics of the dynamics of growing up, determined by the development of the components of self-awareness: selfunderstanding, self-actualization and self-relation, we used the following psychological tools: 1) the method of assessing the level of self-actualization of the person (SAMOAL) Kalina (1987); 2) the method of the study of self-attitude (IIA) Pantileev and V.V. Stolin (1989); 3) the method of free self-description of M. Kuhn and T. McPartland (1992). Results: the results of the study showed that adolescents in the studied sample are characterized by high self-understanding scales (χ = 7.82), which is evidence that adolescents are sensitive, sensitive to their own needs and desires, are free from psychological defenses that separate their personality from its own essence, and also not inclined to the substitution of their own tastes and evaluations by external social standards adopted in society. The data of the correlation analysis in the studied sample of adolescents self-understanding positively correlates with p <0.01 with autonomy (r = 0.47), spontaneity (r = 0.31), autosympathy (r = 0.49) and contact (r = 0, 18). High values were determined on the scales of reflected self-relation (χ = 6.05), self-value (χ = 6.89) and selfattachment (χ = 5.92). These data reflect adolescents’ perceptions that their personality, character, and activities are capable of giving others respect, sympathy, approval, and understanding; and also point to some rigidity of their «self-concept», conservative self-sufficiency, denial of the possibility and desirability of developing their self hood against the background of the characteristics of growing up. Discussion and conclusions: the content of adolescents’ self-understanding presents the realities and aspects of their own inner life that are relevant for the development of their personality. High school students seek to understand not only their personal qualities and character traits, interests and abilities, attitudes towards themselves and with other people, but also their feelings and motives, values and beliefs, life plans and goals. The process of growing up of adolescents involves the development of the main components of their self-awareness, and in this process adults can be of great help to the teenager. The data obtained are taken into account in the psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents in the socio-cultural space of the village; a program of socio-psychological training sessions has been developed, aimed at developing their self-understanding, self-actualization and self-relationship, which will ensure the development of their adult self-consciousness. There is a tendency to further research on the influence of sociocultural factors on the implementation of a particular strategy of growing up and the attitude of growing children to it at a distance of adolescence.

1. Abramenkova V.V. Social psychology of childhood: the development of the relationship of the child in the children's subculture. Moscow, Moskovskij psihologo-social'nyj institute Publ., Voronezh, NPO «MODEHK» Publ., 2000. (in Russ.)

2. Amonashvili Sh.A. Reflections on humane pedagogy. Moscow, 1995. 496 p. (in Russ.)

3. Bozhovich L.I. Personality and its formation in childhood. St. Petersburg, 2008, pp. 351-352. (in Russ.)

4. Vygotskij L.S. Pedology of a teenager. Sobranie sochinenij: v 6 t., Moscow, 1982. (in Russ.)

5. Dol'to F. On the side of a teenager. St. Petersburg, Peterburg-XXIvek Publ., 1997. 424 p. (in Russ.)

6. Dragunova T.V. On some psychological features of a teenager. Voprosy psihologii. Lichnosti shkol'nika, Moscow, 1961, pp. 135-136. (in Russ.)

7. Zolotuhina M. Growing up in an American way: changing milestones. «Otechestvennye zapiski», 2014, no. 5 (62). (in Russ.)

8. Izvekov A.I. Human Growth: The Crisis of Transitional Age. St. Petersburg, 2011. 128 p. (in Russ.)

9. Kosilova E.V. Age philosophy. The relationship of existential and cognitive maturing of a person. Moscow, 2014. 160 p. (in Russ.)

10. Lishin O.V. Pedagogical psychology of education. Moscow, Akademkniga Publ., 2003. 256 p. (in Russ.)

11. Mid M. Culture and the world of childhood. Selected Works. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 429 p. (in Russ.)

12. Piazhe Zh. Logic and Psychology. Izbrannye psihologicheskie trudy, Moscow, 1994. 659 p. (in Russ.)

13. Polivanova K.N. Childhood in a changing world. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psihologiya, 2016, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 5-10. doi: 10.17759 / jmfp.2016050201 (in Russ.)

14. Prihozhan A.M., Tolstyh N.N. The teenager in the textbook and in life: the crisis of thirteen years. Na poroge vzrosleniya: sbornik nauchnyh statej red. L.F. Obuhova, I.A. Korepanova,Moscow, MGPPU Publ., 2011, pp. 14-22. (in Russ.)

15. Pryamikova E.V., Veselkova N.V. Social competence of growing up. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural'skogo un-ta Publ., 2005. 290 p. (in Russ.)

16. Psychology of a teenager: a textbook. Ed. A.A. Reana. St. Petersburg, PRAJM-EVRO-ZNAK Publ., 2007. 480 p. (in Russ.)

17. Rajf F. Psychology of adolescence and youth. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2010. (in Russ.)

18. Slobodchikov V.I., Isaev E.I. Fundamentals of psychological anthropology. Human psychology: Introduction to the psychology of subjectivity: a textbook for universities. Moscow, Shkola-Press Publ., 1995. 384 p. (in Russ.)

19. Sobkin V.S., Abrosimova Z.B., Adamchuk D.V., Baranova E.V. Teenager: norms, risks, deviations. Moscow, CSO RAO Publ., 2005. 359 p. (in Russ.)

20. Tereshchenko V.V. Theoretical and methodological foundations of personal development and maturing of the modern teenager. Psihologiya obucheniya, 2013, no. 11, pp. 55-63. (in Russ.)

21. Tereshchenko V.V. Growing up in adolescence of ontogenesis: theoretical and methodological foundations of research. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psihologiya razvitiya, 2016, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 110-115. (in Russ.)

22. Tolstyh N.N., Prihozhan A.M. Psychology of adolescence. Moscow, Yurajt Publ., 2016. 406 p. (in Russ.)

23. Undenhoven N. van, Vazir R. New childhood: how the conditions and needs of children's life changed. Moscow, Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2010. 131 p. (in Russ.)

24. Fel'dshtejn D.I. The world of childhood in the modern world. Problems and objectives of the study. Moscow, MPSU Publ., Voronezh, MODEHK Publ., 2013. 336 p. (in Russ.)

25. Fiofanova O.A. Designing the modalities of maturing adolescents in the educational space. The dissertation of the doctor of pedagogical sciences. Moscow, 2008. (in Russ.)

26. Fiofanova O.A. Psychology of growing up and educational practices of the new generation. Moscow, FLINTA Publ., NOU VPO «MPSI» Publ., 2012. 120 p. (in Russ.)

27. Hagurova N.E. Deformation of the cultural and institutional space of growing up in modern Russian society. The dissertation of the candidate of sociological sciences. Maykop, 2015. (in Russ.)

28. Harlamenkova N.E. Self-affirmation of a teenager. Moscow, 2007.384 p. (in Russ.)

29. Chernova A.A. Features of adolescents growing up in different social conditions: author. The dissertation of the candidate of psychological sciences. Rostov-on-Don, 2006. (in Russ.)

30. Ehrikson Eh. Childhood and Society. Translation from English and scientific. ed. A.A. Alekseev. St. Petersburg, Letnij sad Publ., 2000. 408 p. (in Russ.)

31. Arnett J.J. Emerging adulthood:A theory of development from the late teens through the . American Psychologist, 2000, vol. 55(5), pp. 469-480.

32. Arnett J.J. Emerging adulthood (s): The cultural psychology of a new life stage. Arnett J.J. (ed.) Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New synthesis in theory, research, and policy. Oxford: University Press, 2011, pp. 255-275.

33. Chao R.K. Beyond Parental Control and Authoritarian Parenting Style: Understanding Chinese Parenting Through the Cultural Notion of Training. Child development, 1994, vol. 65, no. 4, pp.1111-1119.

34. Moore K., Kinghorn A., Bandy T. Parental Relationship Quality and Child Outcomes across Subgroups. Available at: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Child_Trends-2011_04_04_RB_MaritalHappiness.pdf (accessed: 17.12.2018).

35. Postman N. The Disappearance of Childhood. N. Y.: Delacorte Press, 1982.

36. Prout A. The Future of Childhood: Towards the Interdisciplinary Study of Children. London: Routledge, 2005.

37. Qvortrup J. Childhood in the Welfare State. James A., James A.L. (Eds) European Childhoods: Cultures, Politics and Childhood in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, pp. 216-233.