THE CONCEPT OF "UNCERTAINTY" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTERACTION OF THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

Introduction: The concept of uncertainty is quite popular both in science and in philosophy. However, this notion is often used spontaneously, in a broader sense. The purpose of this article is to clarify the meaning of the concept of "uncertainty" in the context of the comparison of the subject and the object of modern scientific knowledge.

However, the clarification of the meaning of the concept of uncertainty is hampered by a number of circumstances today. This is mainly due to the fact that the concept of uncertainty can characterize the process of increment of knowledge both at the stage of posing a problem and at the stage of its solution.

Materials and methods: In the article, we keep to the research scheme stated in previous publications, where uncertainty is examined with respect to the object and subject of cognition. In this case, we pay attention to the conditions of their interaction.

Results: Modern philosophy of science, recognizing the evolutionary dependence of a man and an environment, forms an idea of the subject and the object of cognition (the world) as complex systems, the result of the interaction of which can be characterized as uncertain. Modern psychology supplements the notion of uncertainty as an orientation of the subject to the knowledge of the image of the world, the recognition of its variability and instability. Nonclassical philosophy introduces the notion of a collective subject and related concepts such as a scientific community, convention, consensus, the analysis of which allows us to demonstrate that situations of uncertainty characterize the process of increment of knowledge at the stage of raising a scientific problem.

Discussion and Conclusions: The article summarizes modern concepts of scientific uncertainty in the context of the subject and the object of cognition, determines promising perspectives of the study.

To describe the stage of solving the problem in science, it is more appropriate to use the notion of probability, which is not identical to uncertainty and reduces to choosing a solution from possible alternatives. It should be stressed that uncertainty as a characteristic of the stage of posing a scientific problem seems to be the most promising direction for further research.

uncertainty, science, philosophy, evolutionary epistemology, ontofilogenesis, collective subject, communication, implicit knowledge, raising of a scientific problem

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