ST. PAUL’SSCHOOL IN LONDON: RENAISSANCE MODEL OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION

Introduction: The article is devoted to the analysis of the Renaissance model of school organization and running, the London’s grammar school of St. Paul established in 1509 at the St. Paul Cathedral by rector John Colet (1467-1519) being taken as an example. The history of the school has not yet received a worthy attention of domestic scientists. The foreign studies show the contradictory estimation of J. Colet's pedagogical activity. Analysis of the organizational basis as well as mundane life of the St. Paul’s school seems to be of critical importance for an integral picture of the development of the educational system during the Renaissance and modern age.

Material and methods: The source and historiographical base: the school’s Statute, English chronicles, epistolary texts, documents concerning the school building’ construction as well as the relationship establishing with the Merchant Mercers company and with the Saint Paul Cathedral’s chapter; the writings of humanists, research in the fields of personal history and the social history of education. Methods: hermeneutic analysis, historical-genetic method, paradigm-pedagogical method.

Results of the study: School running and everyday life in England at that time would stick to the traditional medieval forms within the clerical and city municipal corporal framework. Colet created a crucially new model of grammar school. It was an open public school independent of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and ruled by a secular body - the School Board of the Mercer-merchants  of London («Mercers Wardens and Surveyors»). To maintain the school Colet transferred the considerable land holdings under the control of the Mercers. Education was free. The St. Paul ’s grammar school was the largest one in the Renaissance England in terms of number of students and teaching staff.

Discussion and conclusions: Colet became able to thoroughly over haul his predecessors’ experience and the most progressive elements of the school organization and running that had already existed and developed some new humanistic ones in order to implement them within a whole educational body. It was a brand new educational institution in terms of organization of the educational process, which became an example for the classical gymnasiums of the modern age.

1. Dzhurinskij A.N. The history of foreign pedagogics. Moscow, Forum – Infra Publ., 1998 (in Russian).

2. Ital'janski gumanist i pedagog Vittorino da Fel'tre v svidetel'stvah uchenikov i sovremennikov / Vstup. stat'ja, perevod, komm. N.V. Revjakinoj [Italian humanist and teacher Vittorino da Feltre in the testimonies of the pupils and contemporaries / Introd. article, translation, comm. N. W. Revyakina]. Moscow, Rosspen Publ., 2007, 263 p. (In Russian)

3. Men'shikov V.M. Pedagogy of Erasmus of Rotterdam: the opening of the world of childhood; Pedagogical system of Juan Luis Vives. Moscow, Narodnoe obrazovanie Publ., 1995, 136 p. (In Russian)

4. Revjakina N.V. The treatise of Erasmus, "On bringing up children and the Italian humanist pedagogy of the first half of the XV century. Jerazm Rotterdamskij i ego vremja [Erasmus of Rotterdam and his time]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1989, pp. 86-87 (in Russian).

5. Rujatkina T.M. The teacher in Renaissance England: expectations and challenges. Cursor mundi: chelovekAntichnosti, Srednevekov'ja i Vozrozhdenija. Ivanovo, IvanovskiiGos. Univ., 2008, no. 1, pp. 121-144 (in Russian).

6. Sofronova L.V. De legendo auctorum: principles of the study of ancient heritage in the humanistic grammar school of St. Paul. Experimenta Lucifera. Material V Povolzhskogo nauchno-metodicheskogo seminara po problemam prepodavanija i izuchenija discipline klassicheskogo cikla [Experimenta Lucifera. Materials of Povolzhskij scientific-methodical seminar on problems of teaching and learning disciplines of the classical cycle]. Nizhny Novgorod, 2004, pp. 43-45 (in Russian).

7. Sofronova L.V., Hazina A.V. The status of school teachers of the Renaissance: the phenomenon of the school of St. Paul. Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta, 2016, no. 4 (17). Available at: http://http://vestnik.mininuniver.ru/jour/article/view/303 (accessed 23.10.2017) (in Russian).

8. Speranskij N.V. Essays on the history of the folk school in Western Europe: the emergence of the popular school. The structure of Western European education in the Middle Ages. Moscow, 1896 (in Russian).

9. Jerazm Rotterdamskij Poems. John Secund. Kisses. Moscow, Nauka Publ.,1983 (in Russian).

10. Acts of Court of the Mercers’ Company, 1453–1527 / Ed. L. Lyell, Fr. D. Watney. Cambridge, 1936.

11. Archaeologia or Miscellaneous tracts. Vol. 62, Part I. London, 1910.

12. Arnold J. John Colet and a Lost Manuscript 1506 // History. Apr. 2004. Vol. 89. Issue 294. P. 174-192.

13. Arnold J. John Colet, Preaching and Reform at St. Paul’s Cathedral, 1505-1519 // Historical Research. 2003. Vol. 76. P. 450-468.

14. Baldwin T. W. William Shakespere′s Small Latine and Lesse Greeke. Vol. II. Urbana, 1954.

15. Clarke M. L. Classical Education in Britain. (1500–1900). Cambridge, 1959.

16. Colet J. Articles on admission to St. Paul’s School // Lupton J.H. A Life of John Colet, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, and Founder of St. Paul’s School. London, 1909. Appendix B. P. 285-286.

17. Colet J. The testament of Doctor John Colet, A.D. 1511, for the endowment of S. Paul’s school; Testamentum Ioanni Colleti Decani ecclesiae cathedralis St. Pauli Londinensis // Knight S. A Life of Dr. John Colet. L., 1724. Miscellanies. № XIX. P. 398-400; № XX. P. 400-409.

18. Colet J. Ioanni Coleti Theologi et Decani divi Pauli, Aeditio cum quibusdam G. Lilii Grammaticae Rudimenta. L., 1527 // Lupton J. H. A Life of John Colet. Appendix B. A lytell proheme to the boke. P. 291-292.

19. Colet J. Statuta Paulinae Scholae. Statutes of St.Paul’s School // Lupton J.H. A Life of John Colet. Appendix A. P. 271-284.

20. Colet J. Statuta Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli. Epitome of the Statutes, by Dean Colet, 1505–1518 // Registrum Statutorum et Consuetudinum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londiniensis / Ed. W. S. Simpson. London, 1873. P. 217-237.

21. Curtis S.J. History of Education in Great Britain. London, 1965.

22. The Encyclopaedia and Dictionary of education / Ed. F. Watson. 2 vols. London, 1921.

23. Educational Charters and Documents / Ed. A. F. Leach. Cambridge, 1911.

24. Erasmus Desiderius. The Poems of Desiderius Erasmus / Ed. Dr.C.Reedijk. London, 1956.

25. Erasmus Desiderius. De pueris statim ac liberaliter instituendis declamatione // TheСollected Works of Erasmus / Ed. by J. K. Sowards. Toronto, Vol. 26. 1985. P. 291-317.

26. Erasmus Desiderius. De recta Latini Grecique sermonis pronuntiatione dialogus // TheСollected Works of Erasmus / Ed. by J. K. Sowards. Toronto, Vol. 26. 1985. P. 347-476.

27. Erasmus Desiderius. Opus epistolarum Desiderii Erasmi Roterodami / Ed. P. S. Allen, H. M. Allen, H. W. Garrod. 12 vols. Oxford, 1906–1958.

28. Gleason J.B. John Colet. Berkeley, 1989.

29. Grafton R. Chronicle, or History of England, to which is added his table of the bailiffs, sheriffs and mayors of the city of London from the year 1189, to 1558, inclusive. 2 Vols. L., 1809.

30. Holinshed R. Chronicles, beginning at Duke William the Norman commonly called the Conqueror and Descending by Degrees of Yeere to all the kings and queens of England. London, 1587.

31. Knight S. The Life of Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul’s. London, 1724.

32. Leach A. English Schools at the Reformation. London, 1896.

33. Leach A. St. Paul’s School before Colet // Archaeologia or Miscellaneous tracts. V. 62. Part I. Oxford, 1910. P. 191–238.

34. Leach A. The Schools of Medieval England. London, 1915.

35. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII / Ed. J. S. Brewer. Vol. I. London, 1920.

36. Lewis C. S. English Literature in the Sixteenth Century. Oxford, 1954.

37. Lupton J.H. A Life of John Colet, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, and Founder of St. Paul’s School. London, 1909.

38. McDonnell M.F. The History of St.Paul′s School. London, 1909.

39. McDonnell M.P. The Annals of St.Paul′s Shool. London, 1959.

40. Nelson W. A Fifteenth Century School Book. Oxford, 1956.

41. Ogilvie R. M. Latin and Greek. A history of Influence of the classics on English life from 1600–1918. London, 1964.

42. Orme N. English Schools in the Middle Ages. London, 1973.

43. Orme N. Medieval Schools from Roman Britain to Renaissance England. London, 2006.

44. Rieger J. H. Erasmus, Colet, and the Schoolboy Jesus // Studies in the Renaissance. Vol. 9. 1962. P. 187–194.

45. Seebohm F. The Oxford Reformers of 1498: A History of the Fellow-Work of John Colet, Erasmus and Thomas More. London, 1867; repr. 2010.

46. Simon J. Education and Society in Tudor England. Cambridge, 2003.

47. Simpson W.S. A Newly-Discovered Manuscript Containing Statutes Compiled by Dean Colet for the Government of Chantry Prists and Other Clergy of St.Paul’s // Archaeologia. Vol. 52. 1890. P. 144–174;

48. Sterry W. The Eton College Register (1441–1698). London, 1943.

49. Stow J. The Survey of London / Ed. H. B. Wheatley. London, 1956.

50. Vergil Polidore. The Anglica Historia of Polydore Vergil. A. D. 1485–1537 / Ed. by D. Hay. London, 1950.

51. Watson F. The Old English Grammar Schools. Cambridge, 1904.

52. Woodward W. H. Vittorino da Feltre and other humanist educators. Toronto, 1996.