Musical activity in speech development of younger preschoolers

Introduction. The relevance of the problem presented in the article is due to the need to develop the speech of younger preschoolers. Of particular importance in solving this problem is the use of reasonably organized musical activity, since the spontaneous development of speech in children causes lagging behind modern requirements for accelerated formation of intellect. In this regard, a pedagogical analysis of domestic and foreign approaches to the study of the role of musical activity of preschool children was carried out, which showed that a special study of the speech development of younger preschool children in the process of musical activity has not been previously conducted. The purpose of the article is to identify the most effective types of musical activity in the speech development of younger preschoolers.
Materials and methods. The leading methodological approach to solving the research problem is the activity approach. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: speech therapy examination (auditory attention, speech understanding, vocabulary volume), conversation with parents and caregiver, observation of children in natural conditions and during assignments, questioning of parents. Methods were used to assess the understanding of colloquial speech, sound culture, connected speech, the vocabulary of a child, the formation of his speech activity and communication culture: a method for diagnosing the speech development of preschool children (F.G. Daskalova), a method for studying the level of speech communication (V.I. Yashin). Particular attention is paid to the educational process according to the principle: I hear – I realize – I reproduce, as well as the role of types of musical activity in the speech development of younger preschoolers. The study was conducted on the basis of Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 215" and Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 426" in Chelyabinsk (the experiment began in September 2017, and the end was in May 2018).
Results. The result of the study was the implementation of the author’s program “Musical Activities in the Speech Development of Younger Preschoolers”, which includes musical games, exercises, children's songs, tales with music, playing children's instruments, exercises in vocal sound extraction, imitation of the voices of birds and animals.
Discussion and Conclusion. In the course of the study, the most effective types of musical activity in the speech development of younger preschoolers were identified. An analysis of the results of experimental work is presented, confirming the effectiveness of the use in the preschool educational organization of the types of musical activity identified in the research process in the speech development of younger preschoolers. The use of music in the speech development of younger preschoolers helps to achieve more effective results (musical games, round dance songs that are accompanied by movement). Thus, the experiment confirmed that the implementation of the program "Musical activity in the speech development of younger preschool children" provides a more effective speech development of younger preschool children.
Highlights

• it was proved that the younger preschool age is both a critical and sensitive period of speech formation as a means of communication, which makes it necessary to develop stage speech, auditory attention and musical activity;
• the types of musical activity that affect the development of speech of younger preschool children are characterized;
• the main indicators and means of speech development of younger preschoolers in the process of musical activity were identified;
• the influence of musical activity on the development of the general speech culture of younger preschool children has been proved;
• the results of a diagnostic study are presented.

speech, speech development, musical activity, younger preschooler

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