Features of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of inflection skills of the preschoolers with a general speech disorders. The problem of studying the grammatical structure of speech plays a leading role in modern scientific and practical research, and the question of the mechanisms of the formation of grammatical patterns of language of children having general speech underdevelopment and the development of recommendations for speech therapy effects on this basis is especially relevant. Taking this factor into consideration, it is important to study the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general speech disorders, as one of the categories of the grammatical structure. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. In accordance with the purpose, the course of the study is described, its results are analyzed, and conclusions are formulated. Accordingly, recommendations for speech therapy have been developed.
Materials and methods. The study of the features of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech was carried out in several stages. At the stage of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison of scientific literature data, the main theoretical and practical works of leading specialists were studied, dealing with the problem of formation and development of inflection skills in both normal and impaired speech development process. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, preschoolers were offered a test aimed at determining the level of formation of inflection skills. At the final stage, empirical methods for processing empirical data (quantitative and qualitative analysis) were used.
Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the inflection skills  of preschool children with general speech disorders are mainly formed at a lower-than-average level, while their peers with normal speech development are formed at a high level. The hypothesis of the study, which suggested that the word-modification skills of preschoolers with General speech disorders, in contrast to preschoolers with normal speech development, are characterized by inconsistencies in gender, number, case of nouns and adjectives, errors in the use of forms of number and gender of verbs, was confirmed.
Discussion and Conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of the study, we concluded that there is a need for speech therapy to compensate for the underdevelopment of inflection skills, as a result, logopedic recommendations were developed for developing inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders, which are part of a comprehensive speech therapy on the development of oral speech.

1. Almazova A.A., Orlova O.S. Linguistic aspects of the study of speech disorders. Mezhotraslevye podhody v organizacii obucheniya i vospitaniya lic s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostyami zdorov'ya: stat'ya v sbornike statej. Moscow, Sputnik+ Publ., 2014. Pp. 4-15. (In Russ.)

2. Aristova L.S. Features of matching adjectives with nouns in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Alleya nauki, 2018, no. 5(21), pp. 1037-1040. (In Russ.)

3. Babina G.V., Safonkina N.YU. The syllabic structure of the word: examination and formation in children with speech underdevelopment. Moscow, Paradigma Publ., 2010.96 p. (In Russ.)

4. Baranova G.A., Baboshkina T.V. The development of the lexical and grammatical structure of speech in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment of level 3. Vestnik GOU DPO TO «IPK i PPRO TO». Tul'skoe obrazovatel'noe prostranstvo, 2018, no. 2, pp. 81-88. (In Russ.)

5. Belyaeva O.S. Features of violations of the grammatical side of speech in children 5-6 years old with general speech underdevelopment. Razvitie inklyuzivnogo vysshego obrazovaniya v Sibirskom federal'nom okruge: sbornik trudov I Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii / otv. redaktor D.V. Lapin. Novosibirsk, 2018. Pp. 36-39. (In Russ.)

6. Borodich A.M. Methods of development of children's speech. Moscow, Prosveshchenie Publ., 1981. 256 p. (In Russ.)

7. Vershinina E.V., Volokitina T.V. Formation of verb inflection methods in senior preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Nauchnyj al'manah, 2016, no. 2-2(16), pp. 68-72. (In Russ.)

8. Vershinina O.M. Features of word formation in children with general speech underdevelopment of level 3. Logoped, 2006, no. 1, pp. 34-40. (In Russ.)

9. Volkova L.S., SHahovskaya S.N. Speech Therapy. A textbook for students of defectological faculties of pedagogical higher educational institutions. Moscow, VLADOS Publ., 2003.680 p. (In Russ.)

10. Gvozdev A.N. Questions of studying children's speech. St. Petersburg, DETSTVO-PRESS Publ., 2007. 472 p. (In Russ.)

11. Gluhov V.P. Psycholinguistics: a textbook for universities. Moscow, Publishing house V. Sekachev, 2014.344 p. (In Russ.)

12. Dvurechenskaya O.N., Mineeva E.D. Peculiarities of inflection in older preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya, 2019, no. 62-2, pp. 72-74. (In Russ.)

13. Dobrova G.R. Lexical-semantic super-generalizations in children's speech: is there always a manifestation of linguistic creativity? Psiholingvisticheskie aspekty izucheniya rechevoj deyatel'nosti: stat'ya v zhurnale, 2016, no. 14, pp. 103-114. (In Russ.)

14. ZHoglo K.O. An experimental study of inflection skills in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. Prioritetnye napravleniya razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya: sbornik statej Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii: v 2 tomah. Tom 2. Penza, MCNS «Nauka i Prosveshchenie» Publ., 2018. Pp. 182-184. (In Russ.)

15. ZHukova N.S., Mastyukova E.M., Filicheva T.B. Speech therapy: overcoming the general underdevelopment of speech in preschoolers. Yekaterinburg, ARD LTD Publ., 1998. 316 p. ISBN 5-89396-085-8. (In Russ.)

16. ZHulina E.V., Romanova A.A. On the issue of infringement of word formation and inflection in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya, 2018, no. 61-4, pp. 101-103. (In Russ.)

17. Zaliznyak A.A. "Russian nominal inflection" with the application of selected works on the modern Russian language and general linguistics. Moscow, YAzyki slavyanskoj kul'tury Publ., 2002. 752 p. (In Russ.)

18. Zaporozhec A.V., El'konin D.B. Psychology of preschool children: the development of cognitive processes. Moscow, Prosveshchenie Publ., 1964. 350 p. (In Russ.)

19. Zaporozhec K.S. Methods and techniques for the development of the grammatical structure of speech in preschool children with OHP. Korrekcionnaya pedagogika: teoriya i praktika, 2018, no. 2(76), pp. 101-104. (In Russ.)

20. Lalaeva R.I., Serebryakova N.V. The formation of vocabulary and grammatical structure in preschoolers with a general speech underdevelopment. St. Petersburg, Soyuz Publ., 2001.218 p. (In Russ.)

21. Leont'ev A.A. Fundamentals of psycholinguistics. Moscow, Smysl Publ., Akademiya Publ., 2008. 310 p. (In Russ.)

22. Lepskaya N.I. The language of the child. Ontogenesis of verbal communication. Moscow, RGGU Publ., 2017. 311 p. (In Russ.)

23. Loginova E.A. The main directions of speech therapy work on the prevention and correction of agramatic dysgraphia in younger schoolchildren. Special'noe obrazovanie: materialy XIV mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii / otv. redaktor L.M. Kobrina. St. Petersburg, Leningradskij gosudarstvennyj universitet im. A.S. Pushkina Publ., 2018. Pp. 162-168. (In Russ.)

24. Manchuk K.E. An experimental study of the features of the state of inflection operations in preschoolers with a general speech underdevelopment of the II-III level. Pedagogika i psihologiya v XXI veke: sovremennoe sostoyanie i tendencii issledovaniya: materialy V Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj i metodicheskoj zaochnoj konferencii. Kirov, FGBOU VO Kirovskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet Publ., 2018. Pp. 272-279. (In Russ.)

25. Mezhenceva G.N., Martynova N.V. Features of inflection operations in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Mir pedagogiki i psihologii, 2020, no. 1(42), pp. 32-37. (In Russ.)

26. Nishcheva N.V. The modern system of correctional work in a speech therapy group for children with OHP. Moscow, Detstvo-Press Publ., 2019. 554 p. (In Russ.)

27. Rozental' D.E., Golub I.B., Telenkova M.A. Modern Russian language. Moscow, Ajris-press Publ., 2010. 448 p. (In Russ.)

28. Rosina N.L., SHakleina N.V. Directions for the prevention of the preconditions of dysgraphia in senior preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Pedagogika i psihologiya v XXI veke: sovremennoe sostoyanie i tendencii issledovaniya: sbornik materialov VI Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov, molodyh pedagogov. Kirov, Mezhregional'nyj centr innovacionnyh tekhnologij v obrazovanii Publ., 2018. Pp. 78-83. (In Russ.)

29. Ryabova E.I. Peculiarities of the grammatical system in preschoolers with OHP II and III level. Izuchenie i obrazovanie detej s razlichnymi formami dizontogeneza: sbornik trudov Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov i slushatelej. Ekaterinburg, Ural'skij gosudarstvennyj pedagogicheskij universitet Publ., 2013. Pp. 155-157. (In Russ.)

30. Sobotovich E.F. Speech underdevelopment in children and ways of its correction: (children with impaired intelligence and motor. Alalia). Moscow, Klassiks stil' Publ., 2003. 160 p. (In Russ.)

31. Stolyarova I.V. The phenomenon of supergeneralization in a child’s speech. Detskaya rech': problemy i nablyudeniya: mezhvuzovskij sbornik nauchnyh trudov. St. Petersburg, 1989. Pp. 110-118. (In Russ.)

32. Tolstopyatova A.V., Dzyuban' A.V. On the problem of changing the nouns of the middle gender in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. Aktual'nye voprosy psihologii i formirovaniya zdorovogo obraza zhizni studencheskoj molodezhi: materialy XI Mezhdunarodnoj studencheskoj nauchnoj konferencii «Studencheskij nauchnyj forum». Arkhangelsk, Severnyj (Arkticheskij) federal'nyj universitet imeni M.V. Lomonosova Publ., 2019. Pp. 127-132. (In Russ.)

33. Ushakova T.N. Speech: the origins and principles of development: a training manual. Moscow-Saratov, PER SE, Aj Pi Er Media Publ., 2019. 256 p. (In Russ.)

34. Filicheva T.B. Features of the formation of speech in preschool children. Moscow, 2000.148 p. (In Russ.)

35. Filicheva T.B., CHirkina G.V. Elimination of general underdevelopment of speech in preschool children. Moscow, Ajris-press Publ., 2008. 224 p. (In Russ.)

36. Cejtlin S.N. Tongue and baby. Learning a child’s native language. Moscow, Vlados Publ., 2017.240 p. (In Russ.)

37. SHCHerba L.V. On parts of speech in the Russian language. Hrestomatiya po kursu «Vvedenie v yazykoznanie». Moscow, 1998. Pp. 176-194. (In Russ.)

38. Batterink L., Neville H.J. The Human Brain Processes Syntax in the Absence of Conscious Awareness. Journal of Neuroscience, 2013, no. 33(19), pp. 8528-8533, DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0618-13.2013.

39. Caglar-ryeng O., Eklund K., Nergård-nilssen T. Lexical and grammatical development in children at family risk of dyslexia from early childhood to school entry: a cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Child Language. Cambridge University Press, 2019, no. 46(6), pp. 1-25, DOI: 10.1017/S0305000919000333.

40. Clark M.G., Lum J. Procedural memory and speed of grammatical processing: Comparison between typically developing children and language impaired children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2017, vol. 71, pp. 237-247, DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.015.

41. Ding N., Melloni L., Zhang H., Tian X., Poeppel D. Cortical tracking of hierarchical linguistic structures in connected speech. Nature Neuroscience, 2015, no. 19, pp. 158-164, DOI: 10.1038/nn.4186.

42. Fourakis M. Extensions to the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS). Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2010, vol. 24(10), pp. 795-824, DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2010.503006.

43. Hasselaar J., Letts C., McKean C. Case marking in German-speaking children with specific language impairment and with phonological impairment. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2019, vol. 33, pp. 117-134, DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2018.1505955.

44. Hasselaar J., Letts C., McKean C. Verb morphology in German-speaking children with developmental language disorder and phonological impairment. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2019, no. 21, pp. 1-21, DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1692076.

45. Hubers F., Snijders M. T., Hoop H. How the brain processes violations of the grammatical norm: An fMRI study. Brain and Language, 2016, vol. 163, pp. 22-31, DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.08.006.

46. Konstantzou K. Development of Grammatical Aspect in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence from an Experimental Design with Video Stimuli. Procedia Computer Science, 2015, vol. 65, pp. 510-518, DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.124.

47. Pratt C., Tunmer E.W., Bowey A.J. Children's capacity to correct grammatical violations in sentences. Journal of Child Language. Cambridge University Press, 1984, no. 11(1), pp. 129-141, DOI: 10.1017/S0305000900005626.

48. Quinn S., Donnelly S., Kidd E. The relationship between symbolic play and language acquisition: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 2018, vol. 49, pp. 121-135, DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.005.

49. Sahin T.N., Pinker St., Halgren E. Abstract Grammatical Processing of Nouns and Verbs in Broca's Area: Evidence from FMRI. Cortex, 2006, vol. 42(4), pp. 540-562, DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70394-0.

50. Terband H., Maassen B., Maas E. A Psycholinguistic Framework for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Developmental Speech Disorders. Folia Phoniatr Logop, 2019, no. 71, pp. 216-227, DOI: 10.1159/000499426.

51. Thordardottir E. Grammatical morphology is not a sensitive marker of language impairment in Icelandic in children aged 4-14 years. Journal of Communication Disorders, 2016, vol. 62, pp. 82-100, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.06.001.

52. Van der Lely H., Pinker St. The biological basis of language: insight from developmental grammatical impairments. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2014, vol. 18(11), pp. 586-595, DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.07.001.