Retrospective analysis of the development of professional education in Russia

Introduction: the main purpose of this article is to determine the state of vocational education at the time of the start of forecasting, to study its development in the previous period and to highlight features and main trends of this development, which allows us to characterize the prognostic development of vocational education under the influence of external factors.

Materials and Methods: the pedagogical research used analytical and synthetic prognostic methods, methods of modeling and extrapolation, methods of expert evaluation, methods of theoretical analysis, generalization and evaluation of fact systems. In the forecasting of vocational education, the principle of dialectic unity of analysis and synthesis is implemented.

Results: analysis of the dynamics of vocational education allows us to distinguish two different periods of development: 1) 1920-1958. - stage of unstable behavior, characteristic for the formation of the system; 2) 1959 - 1986 - the stage of development, characterized by the constant complexity of the system, an increase in the component composition, focus on achieving the goal.

These factors make it possible to single out periods of development of vocational education in such a way that each includes either a “rise” or a “recession” in terms of the output of workers from vocational schools.

Thus, the dynamics of the development of vocational education allows us to distinguish the following stages: Stage 1 - 1921 - 1925; Stage 2 - 1926 - 1932; Stage 3 - 1933 - 1940; Stage 4 - 1941 - 1948; Stage 5 - 1949 - 1953; Stage 6 - 1954 - 1958; Stage 7 - 1959 - 1965; Stage 8 - 1966 - 1975; Stage 9 - 1976 - 1986; Stage 10 - 1990 - the beginning of the XXI century.

Discussion and Conclusions: a retrospective analysis of the development of vocational education in Russia has been carried out, the main periods of vocational education development have been identified, due to the development of various types of industries (mechanized, industrial, scientific and industrial), and features of vocational education during these periods. Selected factors affecting the training of future workers.

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