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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mininuniver</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Мининского университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Minin University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2307-1281</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26795/2307-1281-2026-14-2-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mininuniver-1839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ, ФИЛОСОФИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Город некрополей: философская антропология городских кладбищ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The city of necropolises: philosophical anthropology of urban cemeteries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6874-1073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марков Александр Викторович – доктор филологических наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markov Alexander V. – Doctor of Philological Sciences, Full Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markovius@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1701-3147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штайн</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtayn</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Штайн Оксана Александровна – кандидат философских наук, доцент</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shtayn Oksana A. – Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shtaynshtayn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марков А.В., Штайн О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марков А.В., Штайн О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markov A.V., Shtayn O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.minin-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1839">https://www.minin-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1839</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Актуальность исследования определяется конфликтом между функциональной логикой современного урбанизма и персистирующим присутствием мест смерти (некрополей, кладбищ, спонтанных мемориалов) в центре мегаполисов. Целью статьи является философско-антропологический анализ городского кладбища как особой социальной и символической структуры («субполиса»), выявляющий его роль в конституировании городской идентичности, памяти и социальных связей.Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования выступают разнородные явления: исторические некрополи в соборах (Московский Кремль), автоикона И. Бентама, кладбища кораблей (Муйнак), кладбища кукол в Западной Сибири, придорожные кенотафы, виртуальные кладбища. Методологическую основу составляют междисциплинарный анализ, философская интерпретация (социальная философия Платона, Гоббса, Канта; концепция «следования правилу» Л. Витгенштейна и С. Крипке), а также принцип «корабля Тезея» как модель сохранения идентичности.Результаты исследования. Установлено, что городской некрополь функционирует не как пассивное хранилище, а как активный «субполис» мертвых, живущий по собственным законам памяти и ритуала. Пространства спонтанной памяти (кладбища кукол, кенотафы) компенсируют «трудную» смерть, инкорпорируя ее в городскую ткань через замещающие объекты (куклы, игрушки). Анализ через «принцип Тезея» показывает, что идентичность в некрополе поддерживается не материальностью, а нарративом и местом в символическом порядке. Практики ухода за такими местами основаны на неявных социальных конвенциях («следовании правилу»).Обсуждение и заключения. Кладбище в городе является смыслообразующим элементом, «зеркалом» политической теологии и социального устройства полиса. Оно выступает гетеротопией (М. Фуко), где порядок мира живых инвертируется и осмысляется. Современный город спонтанно генерирует новые формы некрополей (виртуальные, предметные), что свидетельствует о неистребимой потребности в ритуальной инкорпорации смерти. Для урбанистики это означает необходимость признания некрополей не как проблемных зон, а как ключевых агентов формирования городской культуры и памяти.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the conflict between the functional logic of modern urbanism and the persistent presence of places of death (necropolises, cemeteries, spontaneous memorials) in the centers of megacities. The purpose of the article is a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the urban cemetery as a special social and symbolic structure ("subpolis"), revealing its role in the constitution of urban identity, memory and social ties.Materials and methods. The research material consists of heterogeneous phenomena: historical necropolises in cathedrals (Moscow Kremlin), the auto-icon of J. Bentham, ship graveyards (Muinak), doll cemeteries in Western Siberia, roadside cenotaphs, virtual cemeteries. The methodological basis is interdisciplinary analysis, philosophical interpretation (social philosophy of Plato, Hobbes, Kant; the concept of "rule-following" by L. Wittgenstein and S. Kripke), as well as the "Ship of Theseus" principle as a model for preserving identity.Results. It has been established that the urban necropolis functions not as a passive repository, but as an active "subpolis" of the dead, living according to its own laws of memory and ritual. Spontaneous memory spaces (doll cemeteries, cenotaphs) compensate for "difficult" death, incorporating it into the urban fabric through substitute objects (dolls, toys). Analysis through the "Theseus principle" shows that identity in a necropolis is supported not by materiality, but by narrative and place in the symbolic order. Practices of caring for such places are based on implicit social conventions ("rule-following").Discussion and conclusions. The cemetery in the city is a meaning-forming element, a "mirror" of the political theology and social structure of the polis. It acts as a heterotopia (M. Foucault), where the order of the world of the living is inverted and comprehended. The modern city spontaneously generates new forms of necropolises (virtual, object-based), which indicates an ineradicable need for the ritual incorporation of death. For urbanism, this means the need to recognize necropolises not as problematic zones, but as key agents in the formation of urban culture and memory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>городская антропология</kwd><kwd>философия города</kwd><kwd>некрополь</kwd><kwd>гетеротопия</kwd><kwd>место памяти</kwd><kwd>социальная онтология</kwd><kwd>ритуал</kwd><kwd>корабль Тезея</kwd><kwd>следование правилу</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urban anthropology</kwd><kwd>philosophy of the city</kwd><kwd>necropolis</kwd><kwd>heterotopia</kwd><kwd>place of memory</kwd><kwd>social ontology</kwd><kwd>ritual</kwd><kwd>Ship of Theseus</kwd><kwd>rule-following</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агамбен Дж. Homo sacer. Суверенная власть и голая жизнь. М.: Изд-во Европа, 2011. 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agamben Dzh. 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