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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mininuniver</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Мининского университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Minin University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2307-1281</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26795/2307-1281-2025-13-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mininuniver-1587</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Несимметричность нелинейных связей как типичный случай при анализе психологических данных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Asymmetry of nonlinear relations as a typical case in the analysis of psychological data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-1125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басимов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basimov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Михайлович Басимов, доктор психологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Научный центр по исследованию истории и развития мировых цивилизаций</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Basimov, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Scientific center for research of history and of development of world civilizations</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basimov_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет мировых цивилизаций имени В. В. Жириновского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Басимов М.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Басимов М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Basimov M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.minin-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1587">https://www.minin-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1587</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Психологические исследования достаточно часто (диссертационные практически всегда) сопровождаются статистическим анализом связей изучаемых количественных переменных. При этом психологические переменные по своей природе, если учитывать только сильные связи, но не учитывать сильные связи между родственными переменными, в основном связаны нелинейными зависимостями, даже если оставаться в рамках простейших моделей.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Для изучения статистических связей в работе использовался авторский метод, позволяющий изучать наряду с линейными связями простейшие нелинейные зависимости: с максимумом и с минимумом, далекие от линейных монотонные и почти монотонные. Это позволяет не только расширить спектр выявляемых связей и избавиться от многочисленных ошибок традиционной интерпретации коэффициента корреляции, но и лучше понять сложный психологический предмет конкретного исследования. Для демонстрации статистических зависимостей были подобраны психологические данные для 120 испытуемых по 9 популярным методикам, результаты диагностики по которым представляют 114 количественных показателей.</p><p>   Результаты исследования. В статье количественно проанализированы и качественно проинтерпретированы зависимости для трех пар переменных: 1) «Паранойяльность» и «Агрессивный тип» (опросники MMPI и Р. Кеттелла) с коэффициентами силы связи SV = 1.256 для MMPI-5(LIR-3) и SV’ = 0.089 для LIR-3(MMPI-5) при корреляции 0.143; 2) «Эгоистичный тип» и «Альтруистичный тип» » (опросник Т. Лири) с коэффициентами силы связи SV = 0.737 для LIR-2(LIR-8) и SV’ = 0.086 для LIR-8(LIR-2) при корреляции -0.0198; 3) «Зависимый тип» и «Замкнутость – общительность» (опросники Т. Лири и Р. Кеттелла) с коэффициентами силы связи SV = 1.1099 для LIR-6(16F-1) и SV’ = 0.295 для 16F-1(LIR-6) при корреляции 0.253. Для пар переменных «Паранойяльность» и «Агрессивный тип», «Зависимый тип» и «Замкнутость – общительность» рассмотрены также модели линейной регрессии, которые строятся на основе линейных корреляций. И если в первой зависимости корреляция не является «значимой», то во второй она «значимая», что показывает коэффициент слабой корреляции Пирсона, равный 0.25. На основании широко используемого в психологическом сообществе правила интерпретации абсолютной величины коэффициента корреляции для выборки объемом 120 испытуемых он указывает на «значимость» связи при уровне p = 0.01, которая неизбежно требует линейной интерпретации. Для наглядности обсуждаемая в статье информация иллюстрируется графическими представлениями рассматриваемых зависимостей.</p><p>   Обсуждение и заключения. В статье рассматриваются примеры несимметричных (односторонних) сильных (SV &gt; 0.7) простейших нелинейных зависимостей, когда при рассмотрении двух взаимообратных зависимостей одна Y(X) является сильной, а другая X(Y) слабой. Это наиболее типичный вариант, особенно когда переменные связаны слабой или очень слабой корреляционной связью, которая по своей природе является симметричной.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Psychological research quite often (dissertation research is almost always) accompanied by analysis of the statistical relations between the quantitative variables being studied. At the same time, psychological variables by their nature, if we take into account only strong statistical connections but do not take into account strong statistical connections between related variables, are mainly nonlinear dependencies, even if we remain within the simplest models.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. To study statistical relation, the author's method was used in the work, which makes it possible to study, along with linear dependencies, the simplest nonlinear dependencies: with a maximum and with a minimum, far from linear, monotonic and almost monotonic. This allows not only to expand the range of revealed dependencies and get rid of numerous errors in the traditional interpretation of the correlation coefficient, but also to better understand the complex psychological subject of a particular study. To demonstrate statistical dependencies, psychological data were selected for 120 subjects using 9 popular methods. The results of diagnostics according to these methods represent 114 quantitative indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The article quantitatively analyzed and qualitatively interpreted the dependencies for three pairs of variables: 1) “Paranoia” and “Aggressive type” (MMPI and T. Leary questionnaires) with connection strength coefficients SV = 1.256 for MMPI-5(LIR-3) and SV' = 0.089 for LIR-3(MMPI-5) with a correlation of 0.143; 2) “Egoistic type” and “Altruistic type” (T. Leary questionnaire) with connection strength coefficients SV = 0.737 for LIR-2(LIR-8) and SV' = 0.086 for LIR-8(LIR-2) with a correlation of -0.0198; 3) “Dependent type” and “Reserved – Outgoing” (R. Kattel and T. Leary questionnaires) with connection strength coefficients SV=1.1099 for LIR-6(16F-1) and SV' = 0.295 for 16F-1(LIR -6) with a correlation of 0.253. For pairs of variables “Paranoia” and “Aggressive type”, “Dependent type” and “Reserved – Outgoing ”, linear regression models, which are built on the basis of linear correlations, were also considered. And if in the first dependence the correlation is not “significant”, then in the second it is “significant”, as evidenced by the Pearson weak correlation coefficient equal to 0.25, and based on the rule widely used in the psychological community for interpreting the absolute value of the correlation coefficient for a sample of 120 subjects it indicates a relation is “significant” at the p = 0.01 level, which inevitably requires a linear interpretation. For clarity, the information discussed in the article is illustrated by graphical representations of the dependencies under consideration.</p><p>   Discussion and conclusions. The article discusses examples of asymmetrical (one-sided) strong (SV &gt; 0.7) simplest nonlinear dependencies, which show when, when considering two inverse dependencies, one Y(X) is strong, and the other dependence X(Y) weak. This is the most typical option, especially when the variables are related by a weak or very weak correlation, which is symmetrical in nature.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>линейная и нелинейная статистическая зависимость</kwd><kwd>коэффициент корреляции</kwd><kwd>значимая корреляция</kwd><kwd>коэффициент силы связи</kwd><kwd>сравнительная весомость</kwd><kwd>линейная регрессия</kwd><kwd>интерпретация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linear and nonlinear statistical dependence</kwd><kwd>coefficient of correlation</kwd><kwd>significant correlation</kwd><kwd>factor of the connection strength</kwd><kwd>comparative weightiness</kwd><kwd>linear regression</kwd><kwd>interpretation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батаршев А. В. Психодиагностика пограничных расстройств личности и поведения. 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